University of Michigan Why Do Firms Smooth Earnings?* I. Introduction Corporate earnings management has been much in the news lately. For example‚ Business Week has recently run two cover stories‚ one titled “Who Can You Trust?” (October 5‚ 1998) and the other titled “The Numbers Game” (May 14‚ 2001)‚ that suggest that the credibility of earnings reports is being eroded by earnings management. Arthur Levitt‚ Jr.‚ chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)‚ commented in 1998:
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The basic principles of an accounting information system include all of the following except | | | Student Answer: | | cost effectiveness. (Cost effectiveness is one of the basic principles of accounting information systems.) | | | | flexibility. (Flexibility is one of the basic principles of accounting information systems.) | | | | useful output. (Useful output is one of the basic principles of accounting information systems.) | | | | periodicity. (Correct! Periodicity
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types of accounting that practically all businesses have to face and a number of key terms which are equally important. These are management accounting and financial accounting. 1. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGEMENT & FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: Management accounting is concerned with decision making‚ cost apportionment‚ planning and control. It is based within the organisation and is solely for the use of the managers to conduct their business dealings. The process of management accounting is proactive
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Accounting‚ or accountancy‚ is the measurement‚ processing and communication of financial information about economic entities. Accounting‚ which has been called the "language of business"‚ measures the results of an organization ’s economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users including investors‚ creditors‚ management‚ and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting‚ management
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concept In this simplified form we can begin to see what the mathematician and Father of Accounting (Luca Pacioli) saw in 1494 when he codified the double-entry bookkeeping system. It is his codified system that outlined the rules for applying debits and credits when recording the financial transactions of a business in the double-entry bookkeeping system. Now remember that Luca’s book in 1494 was written and published in Latin and at a time when the concept of negative numbers was not yet accepted in
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MAA103 & MAAP103 - Accounting for Decision Making ASSIGNMENT – TRIMESTER TWO‚ 2011 (Relates to Topic 4) Represents 20% of the assessment for this unit DUE DATE: ASSIGNMENT PLANNER: MONDAY 1 AUGUST‚ BY 5.00pm FINAL ASSIGNMENT: THURSDAY 8 SEPTEMBER‚ BY 5.00pm NOTE the following general submission points: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Assignment can be completed in groups of no more than THREE students. Students CAN NOT complete assignment with students from other lecturers classes. Only ONE hardcopy of
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EMBADJ 2014 INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Individual Assignment* Name: Mahmoud Baban | | | | |Due date: 4 September 2013 |Points Available |Points Earned | | | |
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prudence and neutrality‚ and relevance and reliability In this assignment‚ I shall discuss 3 main parts and they are: Materiality and the difficulty in defining this concept The concept of prudence and its conflict with neutrality The conflict between relevance and reliability. Most of the times‚ people find it difficult to understand the various accounting Concepts. In this coursework‚ I shall analyze these concepts and explain them. First of all I shall discuss the materiality
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TO : THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE FROM : THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT OF THE COMMITTEE DATE : 5TH JULY 2008 SUBJECT: FEW METHOD OR TECHNIQUE IN THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNING CAN BE USE TO SOLVE THE MAJOR CRISIS FACING IN THIS COMPANY. Nature of the company’s business Rank Strategy Sdn Bhd (RSSB) was incorporated in Malaysia as a private limited company on (30th September 1996) under the Companies Act‚ 1965. The company’s principal activities are interior
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Section A Under Case Study (Newspaper) HB Global 1. Types of audit opinion Qualified opinion * A qualified opinion report can result from a limitation on the scope of the audit or failure to follow generally accepted accounting principles Adverse opinion * It is used only when the auditor believes that the overall financial statements are so materiality misstated or misleading that they do not present fairly the financial position or results of operations and cash flows in conforming
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