Schultz and Schultz (2013) concurs Abraham Maslow’s humanistic approach based on his needs-hierarchy theory and Albert Bandura’s cognitive-behavioral approach on his modeling theory have advanced the ideas to explain the human personality. Maslow’s ultimate goal was "each person is born with the same set of instinctive needs that enable us to grow‚ develop‚ and fulfill our potential (p. 243)." He believed both environmental and psychological factors are needed to be present within the development
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goals such as equity. He considered the prospect of planning as “a practice which openly invites political and social values to be examined and debated” (p. 331). Hence‚ he rejected the exclusively expert role of planners in the rational planning approach as he believed that solutions pertaining to social goods “cannot be technically derived; they must arise from social attitudes” (p. 331). In his perspective‚ planning is a political process and planners should advocate the interests of all groups
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The psychodynamic approach of leadership places emphasis on the relationship between the leaders and the followers‚ plus individual personality characteristics of the leader and the followers. It also‚ emphasised that leaders should encourage followers to gain insight into their own personalities so that they could understand their reactions to the leader and each other. An important assumption in this approach of leadership is that the personality characteristics of individuals are deeply rooted
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What are the tenets of an existential-humanistic approach to counselling and how relevant is this counselling approach in the African cultural setting? Existential-Humanistic psychology looks at individuals as a whole person and living in a socially interconnected and holistic world. It focuses on helping the individual self-discover the healing process‚ leading eventually to improved self-esteem. High self-esteem has many positive social benefits: individual happiness (Shackelford‚ 2001)‚ academic
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and instruments which may conflict with corporate policy‚ workplace practices and standards. To help meet these challenges‚ Porter and Kramer provide a holistic CSR approach for IHRM. The ‘inside-out’ approach maps the social impact of the HR activities value chain to identify positive and negative social impacts. The ‘outside-in’ approach diagnoses the social dimensions of a company’s competitive context to identify both CSR risks and opportunities. Additionally‚ by understanding cross-cultural nuances
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However‚ as the unofficial “humanistic” approach gained momentum in the field‚ it received a lot of warning and criticisms. For example‚ in the 1960’s when there was a great emphasis on peace and justice from the ending of recent wars‚ Carl Rogers warned that the approach would not become permanent if it was made into a protest movement. The humanistic approach needed to be taken seriously‚ and if psychologists treated it as a “fad”‚ then the community will treat it as such as well. In order for
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Q: Why is it important to take a balanced approach to risk assessment? It is important you have a balanced approach towards risk assessments. You must always make sure that children are not at any risk but sometimes you may give them the freedom to do something knowing they won’t hurt their self but will learn from it. For example if a child was walking along a balancing beam that wasn’t very high with a soft surface underneath then they wouldn’t be at risk of any danger‚ they may fall but it
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The Psychodynamic Approach Key Assumptions: * Assumes that a large part of out mental life operates at an unconscious level * It is assumed that unconscious sexual and aggressive instincts drive behaviour * The personality is made up of the id‚ the ego and the superego‚ which are in constant conflict * Defence mechanisms protect individuals from anxiety producing thoughts * It is assumed that early childhood experiences are important to understanding current behaviour
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Systemic functional linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and its functions in social setting. In systemic functional linguistics‚ three strata make up the linguistic system: meaning (semantics)‚ sound (phonology) and wording or lexicogrammar (syntax‚ morphology and lexis). Systemic functional linguistics treats grammar as a meaning-making resource and insists on the interrelation of form and meaning. According to Halliday‚ language has developed in response to three kinds
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seeks to explain the Elitist and Pluralist approaches to governance and advance both positive and negative sides for each approach. It shall begin by defining the major terms/ concepts Governance‚ Elitist and Pluralist. The essay shall then explain in detail the two approaches respectively. Then it shall highlight the positives (merits) and negatives (demerits) for each approach. Finally the essay shall give a conclusion based on the main points of the essay. Governance is the activity or process
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