CRITICAL THINKING PSU LOGICAL FALLACIES Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the arguer rather than his/her argument. Example: John’s objections to capital punishment carry no weight since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example) is the issue‚ then it is not a fallacy to criticize him/her. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be
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4. History of Pakistan | | | 30th September 1947 | Pakistan become member of UN | 26th October 1947 | Kashmiri Maharaja acceded to India which Lord Mountbatten accepted on behalf of India | 27th October 1947 | India air-lift its troops to Srinagar and lauched a full scale attack on Kashmir | 1948 AD | First Pakistan India War | 1st January 1948 | India took Kashmir dispute to Security council | 1st April 1948 | India cut off water supply to Pakistan from two of its headworks‚ causing a
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Logical Fallacies Defined Abstract Fallacies can be viewed as a mistake or error. There are many different fallacies with different meanings for each. The following paper will discuss 9 logical fallacies. The paper will also include definitions for each of the 9 fallacies as well as examples of being applied to real life scenarios. Logical Fallacies defined Everyone has gotten into an argument with someone once or twice in their lifetime. Some people have mastered their skills in
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are simply wrong about the facts. A fallacy can occur in any kind of discussion‚ argument‚ or reading. For the purposes of this paper‚ the fallacies discussed will pertain to arguments. A fallacious argument is an argument in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support (Atheism Web). Fallacies of distraction attempt to distract from the falsity of an argument by the illegitimate use of logical operators (Stephen ’s Guide to Logical Fallacies). False
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Also known as logical empiricism‚ rational empiricism or neo-positivism‚ logical positivism is the name given in 1931 by A.E Blumberg and Herbert Feigl to a set of philosophical ideas put forward by the Vienna Circle. This Vienna Circle was a group of early twentieth century philosophers who sought to re-conceptualize empiricism by means of their interpretation of then recent advances in the physical and formal sciences. Hence‚ the Vienna Circle represented a radical “anti-metaphysical” stance which
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Emotional thinking is useful when a person supports conclusions off his or her emotions. An individual may base his or her feelings about his or her personal values‚ beliefs‚ and biases to make a decision. Emotional thinking can hinder an individual’s capability to think critically. Emotions are a vital part of people making decisions. It involves critical thinking in which a person reflects on his or her options. Emotions are an unconscious force to conquer when a decision has to be made. An
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Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) LFA is an analytical‚ presentational and management tool which can help planners to: * analyse the existing situation during project preparation; * establish a logical hierarchy of means by which objectives will be reached; * identify the potential risks to achieving the objectives‚ and to sustainable outcomes; * establish how outputs and outcomes might best be monitored and evaluated; * present a summary of the project in a standard format;
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designed. Database design has two parts. The first part is the logical design and the second part is the physical design. Logical Design The logical design is an abstract model which focus on what the system must do in order to meet the requirements of the organization’s needs. The logical design involves gathering the information about the business process‚ business entities‚ and organizational units (Unknown‚ 2001). The logical design is basically a blueprint that identifies the functions requirement
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An Encyclopedia of Errors of Reasoning The ability to identify logical fallacies in the arguments of others‚ and to avoid them in one’s own arguments‚ is both valuable and increasingly rare. Fallacious reasoning keeps us from knowing the truth‚ and the inability to think critically makes us vulnerable to manipulation by those skilled in the art of rhetoric. What is a Logical Fallacy? A logical fallacy is‚ roughly speaking‚ an error of reasoning. When someone adopts a position‚ or tries to persuade
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Jarboe I February 8‚ 2011 Logical Fallacies Before we can understand what a logical fallacy is‚ we establish some common background information for the purposes of accurate communication. There are two types of reasoning‚ inductive and deductive. The primary difference between the two is that inductive reasoning automatically allows for an appeal to probability‚ the assumption that what could happen will happen‚ while deductive reasoning considers this a logical fallacy. Thus for the purposes
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