William. J.‚ & Li‚ Yuan. (2010). The infological equation extended: towards conceptual clarity in the relationship between data‚ information and knowledge. European Journal of Information Systems‚ 2010(19)‚ 409-421. doi:10.1057/ejis.2010.25; published online 11 May 2010 Purpose (What are the objectives for writing the paper?): Provide a clear distinction between data‚ information and knowledge as it relates to information systems (IS) and the implications for IS related research. Several
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Data Mining DM Defined Is the analysis of (often large) observational data sets to find unsuspected relationships and to summarize the data in novel ways that are both understandable and useful to the data owner Process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information A class of database applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of data that can be used to predict future behavior. DM Defined The relationships and summaries derived
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Graphical Representation of Data Chapter 3 ☞ (Paste Examples of any graphs‚ diagrams and maps showing different types of data. For example‚ relief map‚ climatic map‚ distribution of soils maps‚ population map) REPRESENTATION OF DATA Besides the tabular form‚ the data may also be presented in some graphic or diagrammatic form. “The transformation of data through visual methods like graphs‚ diagrams‚ maps and charts is called representation of data.” The need of representing data graphically: Graphics
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a p t e r 7 MANAGING DATA RESOURCES 7.1 © 2002 by Prentice Hall LEARNING OBJECTIVES • COMPARE TRADITIONAL FILE ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES • DESCRIBE HOW DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ORGANIZES INFORMATION * 7.2 © 2002 by Prentice Hall LEARNING OBJECTIVES • IDENTIFY TYPES OF DATABASE‚ PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE DESIGN • DISCUSS DATABASE TRENDS * 7.3 © 2002 by Prentice Hall MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES • TRADITIONAL DATA FILE ENVIRONMENT • DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT • CREATING DATABASE
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CHAPTER 2 DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION 2.1 Data Collection This section aims to: 1. Identify‚ compare and contrast the different types of data; 2. List and explain the various techniques of selecting a sample; and 3. Enumerate and illustrate the different sampling techniques Types of Data Data is a collection of facts‚ such as values or measurements. It can be numbers‚ words‚ measurements‚ observations or even just descriptions of things. Two types of Data Primary Data means original
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ARSHAD 2 OUTLINE DBMS DATA MINING APPLICATIONS RELATIONSHIP 3 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A complete system used for managing digital databases that allow storage of data‚ maintenance of data and searching data. 4 DATA MINING Also known as Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Data mining consists of techniques to find out hidden pattern or unknown information within a large amount of raw data. 5 EXAMPLE An example to make it more clear: A grocery
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conceptual schema design. Designing of a Database is considered as a systematized process that moulds data into a structure which is similar to the underlying system of database management model. Systems of database management are categorized into three main types: hierarchical‚ relational‚ and network. Database design is a process to organize data into a form which matches the underlying data model of the database management system. There are three major types of database management systems: network
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the stock prices by using trends‚ patterns‚ moving averages observed from historical data. However‚ there have been a certain number of people criticizing the use of past data. Among these people‚ a French mathematician‚ Louis Bachelier raised a theory called Efficient Market Hypothesis more than a century ago. The theory states that stock prices follow a random walk‚ which discouraged the study of historical data. This is very controversial and has led to an ever lasting dispute about the reliability
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BOC-008-0312/2007 DATA COLLECTION METHODS Methods of data collection. The term data means groups of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs‚ images‚ or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived. Data can be classified into primary and secondary data. In order to
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The Evolution of Data Models The quest for better data management has led to different models that attempt to resolve the file system’s critical shortcomings. Because each data model evolved from its predecessors‚ it is essential to examine the major data models in roughly chronological order. 1.1 The Hierarchical Model A Hierarchical Database Model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The structure allows representing information using parent/child relationships:
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