International Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital Agenda 1 2 3 4 5 International Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital Analyzing Cost of Capital among Countries Cross Border Listing of Stocks International Asset Pricing Model (IAPM) The Financial Structure of Subsidiaries Case Analysis - AES Corporation 6 International Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital Your Logo International Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital • Firms are becoming multinational in
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* Short Run Costs A period of time in which the quantity of some inputs cannot be increased beyond the fixed amount that is available. For example‚ what quantity of inventory to order is a short run decision. Whether or not to build a new factory would be considered a long run decision. 1. Total fixed Coast The total fixed cost curve graphically represents the relation between total fixed costs incurred by a firm in the short-run production of a good or service and the quantity produced
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Cost Benefit Analysis A cost benefit analysis is important because it can help us decide what would be the total expenditure on a particular project along with the expected returns from the project. From a cost benefit analysis‚ it is easy to decide whether implementing the project will be a profitable deal for the organization or not. It is through the examples of this process that we can get a clear idea of how to proceed with this calculation. Definition As said above‚ a cost benefit
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Product and Service Costs Output represents one of the most important cost objects. There are two types of output: products and services. Products are goods produced by converting raw materials through the use of labor and indirect manufacturing resources‚ such as the manufacturing plant‚ land‚ and machinery. Televisions‚ hamburgers‚ automobiles‚ computers‚ clothes‚ and furniture are examples of products. Services are tasks or activities performed for a customer or an activity performed by a customer
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Health care costs in the United States (US) currently exceed 17% of GDP and continue to rise. Other developed nations spend less of their GDP on health care but have the same increasing trend. Factors contributing to this rise are not hard to find‚ such as the development of new treatments and the age increase of the baby boomers. Unfortunately‚ instead of focusing on the costs of treating individual patients with specific medical conditions over their full cycle of care‚ providers aggregate and
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The Cost of Capital 1 Background As investors desire to obtain the best/highest return on their investments in securities such as shares (Equity) and loans to companies such as debentures (Debt)‚ these returns are costs to the companies paying these Dividends (on equity) and Interest (on Debts)! It all depends on the perspective from which we chose to view the calculation (are we Earning or Paying?) Companies MUST consider the cost of financing they receive in the form of equity or debt if they
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Equivalent annual cost From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia In finance the equivalent annual cost (EAC) is the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire lifespan. EAC is often used as a decision making tool in capital budgeting when comparing investment projects of unequal lifespans. For example if project A has an expected lifetime of 7 years‚ and project B has an expected lifetime of 11 years it would be improper to simply compare the net present values (NPVs) of the
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Historical cost is a traditional method of recording assets and liabilities at their original or nominal value without making adjustments for inflation. It first came in evidence in Jun 1979 in a French project after numerous debates. The historical cost principle states that the asset should include all cost necessary to get the asset in place and ready for use. The principle of historical cost is based upon two fundamental principles: the principle of monetary standardization and principle of
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The Problem of Social Cost I. The Problem to Be Examined1 This paper is concerned with those actions of business firms which have harmful effects on others. The standard example is that of a factory the smoke from which has harmful effects on those occupying neighboring properties. The economic analysis of such a situation has usually proceeded in terms of a divergence between the private and social product of the factory‚ in which economists have largely followed the treatment of Pigou in
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Explain the principles behind cost benefit analysis. Is the use of cost benefit analysis essential in the appraisal of public spending? Discuss this in the light of a transport capital expenditure project with which you are familiar. Cost–benefit analysis is often used by governments to evaluate the desirability of a given intervention. It is an analysis of the cost effectiveness of different alternatives in order to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs. The aim is to gauge the efficiency
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