“Social Accounting Practices in India as a Corporate Social Responsibility” soniuttranchal@gmail.com Concept: The concept of Social Accounting originated in different forms by Adam Smith in 1776‚ Later on‚ Karl Marks and Engel also expressed their views about social costs in 1844. Pigou in 1920 also elaborated the divergence of Social and Private Costs. The concept of social accounting was clearly introduced in the 1970’s and later this concept received serious consideration from
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in an attempt to satisfy his ambition‚ ultimately resulting in his demise. Macbeth’s decadence is portrayed through his murder of Duncan‚ and later it is through his arrangement that both Banquo and the lineage of Macduff are killed. However‚ responsibility for the actions of Macbeth also lies partially with other character‚ primarily the Weird Sister and Lady Macbeth‚ who incite his ambition. Macbeth’s treason in murdering Duncan is blatantly an erroneous choice. Macbeth initially rationalises
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The Bible and Accounting Ethics The Bible and accounting have numerous similarities when it comes to ethics. First‚ let us take a look at the definition of ethics; “ethics are the beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. They are accepted standards of good and bad behavior” (Wild‚ p.8). Therefore when comparing the two we are able to distinguish certain verses in the bible‚ with the code of ethics in accounting that are recognized in the accounting industry or any industry at that. There are
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income statement are: revenues‚ expenses‚ gains‚ and losses. 2.) Limitations of the income statement include all of the following except: helps assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flow. 3.) Which of the following is an example of managing earnings down: changing estimated bad debts from 3% to 4.5% of sales. 4.) What might a manager do during the last quarter of a fiscal year if she wanted to decrease current annual net income: delay shipments to customers until after
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operations into cost or profit centers. It is a management and strategic decision for companies to decide which divisions should be cost centers and which ones should be profit centers. . A cost center may actually provide services that could generate a profit if they were offered on the open market. But in most corporate environments‚ cost centers are not expected to generate a profit and operation costs are treated as overhead. Departments that are typically cost centers include information technology
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INCREAS PROFITABILITY OF BRANCH profit center Definition A business unit or department which is treated as a distinct entity enabling revenues and expenses to be determined so that profitability can be measured. Distinctly identifiable department or unit that contributes to the overall financial results of a firm. Where adequate cost accounting systems are in place‚ profit centers are given responsibility to target certain percentages of the total revenue and are given adequate authority
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Zarkasyi Introduction The growth in environmental accounting research and intersest in the last few years has been little short of phenomenal.For those of us with a long-standing interest in such issues‚ it is easy to get swept along in the euphoria of seeing environmental issues brought to centre stage in business and accounting debates. Little more than decade ago‚ any scholar wishing to review the literature concerned with accounting and the natural environment would have been faced with
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1.When a specific account receivable is written off‚ the entry A) increases net income. B) decreases net income. C) can either decrease or increase net income. D) has no effect on net income.2.Echo Company’s 2011 beginning and ending accounts receivable balances were $72‚500 and $41‚250 respectively. During 2011‚ the company’s sales (all on credit) amounted to $857‚250. Per Echo’s 2011 cash flow statement‚ $873‚500 was collected from customers while $18‚750 related to uncollectible accounts was
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ORACLE AND PEOPLESOFT: MERGED? Introduction What is a hostile takeover? Merriam-Webster defines hostile as an adjective meaning “unfriendly‚” and takeover as a verb meaning “to assume control or possession of or responsibility for” (Mich‚ 1997). In the business arena‚ a hostile takeover is a stock acquisition in which “management and/or a significant number of shareholders oppose the purchase of the company by the intended buyer” (Fisher‚ Taylor‚ & Cheng‚ 2002). The case of Oracle and PeopleSoft
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Summary of CPA Responsibilities On Monday‚ January 25‚ 2010‚ you requested that I provide the external CPAs answers to questions about deferred taxes‚ accounting changes and error corrections‚ and establishing the subsidiary as a corporation. The attached brief contains answers to those questions. Additionally‚ you requested information about my professional responsibilities as a CPA and the difference between a review and an audit. Professional Responsibilities as a CPA
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