criminals getting away with their crimes and into a high level of injustice caused by the subjective approach of different courts。 In my opinion an intermediary position between both solutions is the perfect way to establish and ensure justice and equity. There have to be fixed punishment for all crimes. However‚ criminal laws have to provide for a minimum and maximum for the punishment and the laws also have to foresee certain cases of exemptions. An example for setting minimum and maximum penalties
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EQUITY WARRANT BONDS Equity warrant bonds are bonds issued with equity warrants attached. Warrants are similar to share options‚ and give their holder the right but not the obligation to subscribe for a fixed quantity of equity stocks in the company at a future date‚ and at a fixed subscription price (exercise price). When bonds are issued with warrants‚ the warrants are detachable and can be sold in the stock market separately from the bonds. Investors might therefore subscribe to an issue of
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Running head: OWNERS’ EQUITY PAPER Owners’ Equity Paper University of Phoenix ACC 423 January 21‚ 2013 Owners’ Equity Paper Stockholders’ equity‚ shareholders’ equity‚ and corporate capital all define the owners’ equity in a corporation. The stockholder’s equity normally has three categories that appear. The three categories are: capital stock‚ additional paid-in capital‚ and retained earnings. Capital stock and additional paid-in capital makes up and represents the contributed (paid-in)
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School of Commerce Toyota 2013 Brand Equity and its measures Table of Contents 1.0. Introduction: 1 2.0. Brand Equity: 2 2.1.0. Financial perspective: 2 Toyota Financial statement (Example 3 2.1.1. Caculating Brand Equity through discounted cash flow 3 2.2.0. Non-financial perspective: 5 2.2.1. the real and implied brand attributes 5 2.2.2. Importance of a company’s brand logo‚ symbol or trademark: 6 3.0. Different approaches for building brand equity 7 3.1. Cost based approaches 7 3.2
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The Development of Common Law and Equity Common Law has been functioning in England since the 1250’s‚ two centuries after William the Conqueror defeated Earl Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and became King. It was then in 1066 that Law began to be standardised. There were‚ however‚ problems with the Common Law system and people were becoming dissatisfied with the remedies distributed by the Court. As a result‚ the Court of Chancery was established and could provide whatever
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Equity has brought benefits to many litigants who would otherwise have been severely disadvantaged by the common law. Discuss‚ with reference to decided cases. William the Conqueror found England with no single system of law common to the whole country. The law was mainly sets of customary rules which differed from area to area. For example‚ in one area you could get away with stealing‚ in another it would be seen as crime. There was no such thing as ‘ The English Legal System” until William’s
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DEBT TO EQUITY PROPORTIONS In building the pool of funds for the business it is important to balance and optimize the proportions of debt and equity. The relationship between total debt and total equity is referred to as leverage or gearing. If there is too much debt‚ a business becomes highly leveraged with the implications of: • Repayment risk. The risk to debt providers increases as there is less of an equity buffer to absorb losses that the business may make. • Interest risk. The interest
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DEBT AND EQUITY FINANCING PAPER JACQUELYN CREAGH ACCOUNTING 400 THERESA PEKRON August 1‚ 2011 Debt Financing Debt is when one party‚ the debtor‚ owes to a second party‚ the creditor. This usually refers to assets owed but the term can also be used figuratively to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on economic value. Debt is usually granted with expected repayment of the original sum plus interest. The advantages of debt financing are that the company and/or
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company has not adequately invested in developing tools to conduct market surveys; to develop effective marketing strategies‚ appropriate marketing programs and proper marketing communication to build its brand equity. 1. Costumer-based brand equity Keller (2003) defined customer-based brand equity as “the differential effect that brand knowledge has on customer response to the marketing of that brand”. When customers respond more positively to a product/service and the way it is marketed when its brand
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Raising Equity Capital When a private company decides to raise outside equity capital to fund there firm‚ they can turn several potential sources‚ these include Angel Investors‚ venture capital firms‚ institutional investors and corporate investors. Angel investors are individual investors who buy equity in small private firms (often friends of relatives) and are usually the first round of outside financing typically receiving a sizeable equity share. Venture Capital Firm (VCF) is a limited partnership
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