HISTORY OF TAXATION IN GHANA Introduction & Definition of taxation: To tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property owners to support the government [...] a payment exacted by legislative authority." A tax "is not a voluntary payment
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Consumption vs. Expenditure Mark Aguiar Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Erik Hurst University of Chicago NBER * We would like to thank Daron Acemoglu‚ Fernando Alvarez‚ Susanto Basu‚ Marianne Bertrand‚ Mark Bils‚ Ricardo Caballero‚ Steve Davis‚ Lars Hansen‚ Jonathon Heathcote‚ Michael Hurd‚ Anil Kayshap‚ Helen Levy‚ Anna Lusardi‚ Chris Mayer‚ Amil Petrin‚ Karl Scholz‚ Rob Shimer‚ Jon Skinner‚ Mel Stephens‚ Alwyn Young‚ Steve Zeldes‚ and two anonymous referees‚ along with seminar
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Process Design Matrix Summary J OPS/571 December Rob Process Design Matrix Summary This summary entails three process design approaches for a service providing organization (Chaparral Suits Hotel & Resort) and for a small manufacturing organization (Something Sweet Bakery). Although process design varies for service and manufacturing organizations‚ “process design is a critical function in any operation” (Service versus Manufacturing Process Design Video). The three process design approaches that
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Q.1 : Explain the meaning‚ importance and objectives of public expenditure. Ans. MEANING OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE:- Public Expenditure refers to Government Expenditure. It is incurred by Central and State Governments. The Public Expenditure is incurred on various activities for the welfare of the people and also for the economic development‚ especially in developing countries. In other words The Expenditure incurred by Public authorities like Central‚ State and local governments to satisfy the collective
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------------------------------------------------- Public Expenditures Overview A comparison of Public Expenditures on Health in the two countries is the preliminary basis for evaluating where India stands with respect to the current superpower China‚ as both have strikingly similar demographics and health patterns. ------------------------------------------------- An overview of the evolution of the health systems in China and India reveals some similar patterns and striking differences
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Perceptions of Reality in The Matrix Student: Jyl Alampay Student Number: 250431312 Section: 002 Due Date: December 02/09 The question of ‘reality’ has always intrigued people throughout the world. It has been perceived as tangible and exact but at the same time intensely vulnerable. The frailties of ‘reality’ have been exposed by the many differing ways in which it can be perceived. These differences of perception can be attributed to factors such as age‚ sex‚ nationality‚ religion‚ and
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tools are expensed when purchased. (f) Agricultural companies use market value for purposes of valuing crops. (g) Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners. (h) All significant postbalance sheet events are reported. (i) Revenue is recorded at point of sale. (j) All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements. (k) Rationale for accrual accounting. (l) The use of consolidated statements is justified. (m) Reporting must be done at defined
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Pattern of revenue receipts on revenue account include revenue received in the form of tax and non-tax revenue. On the other hand‚receipts on capital account is composed of loans from themarket‚ aid received from external sources‚ small savings‚state and public provident funds‚ special deposits of nongovernmentprovident funds‚ and special securities. Thus‚the revenue receipts of the governments - centre and states– are part of revenue account and capital receipts are part ofcapital account.
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| |[pic] | | | | |Participatory BudgetING and public expenditure management training manual | | | Contents Principles and Approaches of Participatory Budgeting 5 Introduction 5 An innovation
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A: The primary criteria the auditor should use in determining revenue to be recognized are: (1): persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists. (2): Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. (3): The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable. (4): Collectability is reasonably assured. The most basic principle for revenue recognition is revenue has been realized or realizable and earned. B: (1) a: Multiple deliverable. Does the software and one year internet service has
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