A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen‚ usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words‚ with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groupings: monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides. In general‚ the monosaccharides and disaccharides‚ which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates‚ are commonly referred to as sugars.
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Ever wondered why organic foods are more expensive? Why organic foods are kept separately from the other food in a grocery store? Why some produce has special labels? The food all looks the same on the outside. An apple marked organic looks the same as any other apple in the produce section of the store. The difference is not the outward appearance but how the apple was grown and processed. The word organic gives the impression that the food will be safer and more nutritious to eat than food without
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Although organic food is popular‚ people should investigate the organic industry before they buy the product called “organic” I. Natural Organic A. Organic definition B. Testing of Organic II. Non-organic foods no different A. Healthier or Not B. USDA say no different calories IV. Are natural and organic foods different? A. Organic B. Non-Organic Organic food to some people is different than what the people who
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are best described as E- or Z- based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules (review) Stability: There are 3 factors that influence alkene stability: 1. Degree of substitution: more highly alkylated alkenes are more stable‚ so tetra > tri > di > mono-substituted. 2. Stereochemistry: trans > cis due to reduced steric interactions when R groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. 3. Conjugated alkenes are more stable than isolated alkenes. |[pic] |[pic] |more stable than
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Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to test and observe the physical and chemical properties of gases‚ and to use these properties to identify these gases when they are encountered. Procedure: Create a data table similar to that in the lab assistant to record your observations. Gather the following lab equipment: Goggles‚ test tubes‚ 24 well plate‚ Gas assembly with copper and plastic tubing and a #00 stopper‚ short stem pipet‚ rubber stopper #00 with one hole and a pipet tip with
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Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). The nomenclature‚ or naming‚ of ionic compounds is based on the names of the component ions. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds‚ along with examples to show how they are used: Roman NumeralsA Roman numeral in parentheses‚ followed by the name of the element‚ is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. This is usually seen with metals. You
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The Compound Light Microscope Commonly binocular (two eyepieces)‚ the compound light microscope‚ combines the power of lenses and light to enlarge the subject being viewed. Typically‚ the eyepiece itself allows for 10X or 15X magnification and when combined with the three or four objective lenses‚ which can be rotated into the field of view‚ produce higher magnification to a maximum of around 1000X generally. The compound light microscope is popular among botanists for studying plant cells‚ in
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Exp. 2 Separation of Three Compounds by Extraction Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is do demonstrate the proper procedures of extraction and to develop a practical understanding of this method. In this experiment‚ extraction is used to separate a known acid‚ base‚ and neural compound from each other. The first two compounds undergo proton transfer reactions in the presence of acids or bases. Acids RCOOH‚ like benzoic acid‚ was deprotonated to form RCOO-. Bases RNH2‚ like ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
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Compound 50‚ like its known analogue 3‚ involves an α‚β-unsaturated ketone‚ an acid-sensitive reactant‚ which prevents its direct synthesis in presence of protic solvents by refluxing. Despite of this characteristic‚ 50 was formed smoothly in 5 minutes by grinding chemistry‚ solely as E-isomer‚ without any evidence of decomposition after 1H and 13C MNR analysis. This synthetic approach provides easy access to such α‚β-unsaturated N-acylhydrazones‚ which are building blocks in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing
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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 87:2757–2762 (2007) Review Quality of plant products from organic agriculture Ewa Rembiałkowska∗ Organic Foodstuffs Division‚ Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences‚ Warsaw Agricultural University‚ Nowoursynowska 159 C‚ PL-02 776 Warszawa‚ Poland Abstract: During the last decade‚ consumers’ trust in food quality has decreased drastically‚ mainly because of growing ecological awareness and several food scandals (e
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