EXPERIMENT 1: REACTIONS OF ENOLATE IONS WITH CARBONYL GROUPS Aims In this experiment we used two techniques for the reactions of enolate ions with carbonyl groups. One technique used was Doebner reaction and the other technique used was Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Therefore the aim of this experiment is to synthesize trans p-methoxycinnamic acid and to synthesize dibenzalacetone via an aldol condensation reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde. The products would be recrystallized using ethanol
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Use of Ionic liquids in Industrial Applications Samar Noureldin ‚ Amel Elsadig ‚ Mohammed Mahjob Department of Chemical engineering ‚ University of Khartoum‚ Sudan Paper of 4th grade project ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
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like the Diverse Ion effect and the Common ion effect. Sources of error probably were the assumptions made throughout the experiment and can be explained further by the limitations of the solubility constant. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Introduction In a reaction where a slightly soluble ionic solid is dissolved in water‚ it ionizes into its respective ions. It signifies that equilibrium between the undissolved and
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Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to analyze the trends of the atomic radius (AR) and the first ionization energy (IE) for the first 36 elements of the periodic table. Procedure: A piece of graph paper was given out by the teacher. A periodic table that has the atomic number‚ atomic radius (AR)‚ and first ionization energy (IE) was given out by the teacher. A sheet of paper was taken out to record the elements‚ atomic number‚ atomic radius (AR)‚ and the first ionization energy (IE). To record
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EXPERIMENT 5 REDOX TITRATION: TITRATION USING SODIUM THIOSULPHATE Objectives 1. 2. To prepare a standard solution of potassium iodate for use to determine the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution accurately. To acquire the proper techniques of carrying out a titration. Introduction Redox titrations using sodium thiosulphate as a reducing agent is known as iodometric titration since it is used specifically to titrate iodine. The reaction involved is: I2 + 2Na2S2O3 I2 + 2S2O322NaI + Na2S4O6
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Experiment : 1 Tittle : Preparation of bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex Objective : To synthesis the bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex Introduction : A complex ion is usually form with high charge density metal ion as a central and formation of coordinate covalent bond (dative bond) with high electron molecules or ions. These molecules or ions are functioning as ligands (electrophile in organic compounds). They are easily attracted by electrophile (electron deficiency
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process of distillation. Distillation is the separation of volatile substances mixed with nonvolatile substances by boiling the mixture to alter the phase of the volatile substance. The researchers used the simple distillation set up to conduct the experiment. 25 ml of The Bar Vodka was used and 7 ml of distillate was collected before a temperature of 95 degrees Celsius was reached. Collected distillate was then subjected to a flammability test to confirm ethanol content. The percent ethanol was computed
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Experiment 2: IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWNS BY TLC AND MP IN COMBINATION Introduction: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the most valuable techniques in organic chemistry. This is a best method of separating and identifying mixtures of two or more compounds. The separation is accomplished by the distribution of the mixture between two phases: one that is stationary and one that is moving or mobile. Chromatography works on the principle that different compounds will have different
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an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. * Ba(OH)2 (aq) * NH3 (aq) * C3H7OH (aq) * NaHCO3 (aq) 3.) Why would it be important to use de-ionized water when preparing the aqueous solutions in this experiment? It is important to use de-ionized water in this experiment because you don’t want the electrolytes in the water to affect the aqueous solutions conduct an electric current‚ especially if it can’t. 4.) Pick an area of science that interests you and describe how the concept
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How do ionic compounds form? How do electrons change the shape of a molecule? These are just a couple of the questions that this paper will answer. How do ionic compounds form? Ionic compounds are formed by positive and negative ions. An ionic bond means that there are valence electrons being shared between the two molecules. This can cause the molecule to become negative or positively charged. An ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal and the
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