structures and properties of amino acids know the groups of amino acid What are amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that when combined with each other proteins. Amino acids contain a central tetrahedral carbon atom (α-carbon) amine group‚ carboxyl group‚ R-side chain The R-side chain determines the different amino acids There are 20 common amino acids Amino acids can join via peptide bonds Several amino acids occur only rarely in proteins Some amino acids are not found in proteins 3D
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers‚ explosives‚ and rocket fuels‚ and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as “aqua fortis”‚ which means strong water‚ to alchemists. It is a transparent‚ colorless to yellowish‚ fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1.41 and the concentration
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Not Marble‚ Nor The Gilded Monument - William Shakespeare ABOUT THE AUTHOR- William Shakespeare (baptized 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright‚ widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works‚ including some collaborations‚ consist of about 38plays‚ 154 sonnets‚ two long narrative poems‚ and several other poems. His plays
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The Effects of Acid Rain Bio-105 Abstract The effects of acid rain is damaging no matter how you look at the picture. Acid rain effects open areas more than forests due to the trees blocking some of the rain from hitting the ground. Acid rain is monitored by using emissions monitors. This helps figure out how much acid is in rainwater. Acid rain is harmful to fish by killing off entire species. Acid rain is harmful to living creatures‚ but many do not realize how toxic it can be to
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The intent of this paper is to educate individuals about acid rain‚ define its chemical makeup‚ and describe its impact on the environment. Rain is an important part of all life; it is the source of water for almost everything. In some areas rain is actually a threat to life because of pollution from cars‚ factories‚ and power plants. This pollution releases gases into the atmosphere to create acid rain. Acid rain is rain‚ or any other form of precipitation that is uncharacteristically acidic
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and these comprise only 20 kinds of amino acids in various combinations. These 20 kinds of amino acids are essential to the body. In addition to being the materials for proteins‚ they are used as an energy source for the body as necessary. Further‚ each amino acid plays an important and unique role in the body. The list below shows the role of each amino acid. | Valine Leucine Isoleucine | All of these 3 amino acids are called branched chain amino acid(BCAAs). They perform the important functions
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Vol. 1 ACETIC ACID 115 ACETIC ACID 1. Introduction Acetic acid [64-19-7]‚ CH3COOH‚ is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor‚ burning taste‚ and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water‚ oilfield brines‚ rain‚ and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions‚ usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can
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AMINO ACIDS SUSMITA DAS SWAPNA MONDAL OBJECTIVES To study about Amino acids. To study the classifications of amino acids based on different headings. To study the functions of amino acids. INTRODUCTION Amino acids:• Amino acids are monomers of protein. • Amino acids are group of organic compounds which contain two functional groups. One is Amino group(NH2) and the other is Carboxyl group(COOH). • Proteins are broken down into amino acids on hydrolysis. • Each amino acid also have a
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Citric Acid Names of chemical substance- Chemical formula: C6H8O7. Elements present in citric acid are; carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen. Bonding- All the elements in citric acid are non-metals. Citric acid has a covalent bond type. History- in the 8th century jabir ibn hayyar a Persian alchemist was credited with the discovery of citric acid. in 1784 the separation of citric acid from citrus fruits occurred when Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele separated citric acid from lemon juice. The next
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