The hypothesis If a chemical reaction occurs‚ then there will be indicators of a chemical change‚ was supported throughout this experiment. Throughout this experiment there were several reactions that took place‚ and an indicator of such chemical reactions could be seen throughout each one. The first piece of identifiable evidence was present in the first step‚ which was when copper (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide were combined. When stirred‚ a blue precipitate formed at the bottom of the test
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but can dissolve in an acid using the reaction: 2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O+2HCl-(aq) This reaction is not used to titrate the CaCO3 because it is very slow when the reaction is close to the endpoint. Instead adding an excess of acid to dissolve all of the CaCO3 and then titrating the remaining H3O+ with NaOH solution can achieve the determination of the amount of acid‚ which has not reacted with the calcium carbonate. There are differences between amount of the acid (HCl) added and the
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Clock reactions If you choose a project that explores the kinetics of a chemical reaction you will need a way of measuring the rate of the reaction. Clock reactions provide an interesting way of doing this for some systems. In a typical reaction the first part of a graph showing the concentration of product against time is approximately a straight line (see Figure 1). If you choose any value of concentration that lies on this straight line (say c1) the initial rate of reaction can be found
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Human Biology Unit 2 Assignment Aim: Carry out an experiment to measure the heart rate and ventilation rate before‚ during and after moderate exercise. Introduction: I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise
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Unknown Acid KEYWORDS: quantitative analysis‚ titration‚ buret‚ endpoint‚ standardization‚ half-equivalence point‚ calorimetric titration‚ potentiometric titration ABSTRACT: The concentration of sodium hydroxide was determined by colorimetric titration‚ and the identity of an unknown acid was determined by potentiometric titration. In the first titration‚ a strong acid standard‚ potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP)‚ was used‚ to determine the concentration of a strong base‚ sodium hydroxide
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Evaluation Like any experiment‚ there were a number of potential errors during the procedure of the experiment. Errors could have arisen as a result of the uncertainties associated with the instruments I used to take measurements‚ and also as a result of errors associated with the actual method. Of course‚ due to the limitations of the procedure‚ they could not be eliminated completely‚ so I will explain what I did to reduce them to an acceptable level and how I could have improved my method to
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Acid Base And Salt Acid Acids:- The word ‘Acid’ came from Latin word ‘Acidus or Acere’ which means sour. Sour taste is the most common characteristic of acid. Acid turns blue litmus paper red. There are many substances which contain acid and hence taste sour‚ such as curd‚ tamarind‚ lemon‚ etc. Types of Acids:- Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence – Natural acids and Mineral acids. Natural Acid:- Acids which are obtained from natural sources are called natural
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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The relationship between shape and diffusion rate Aim- To investigate the relationship between the shape of an object and the time taken for a substance to diffuse to its centre. Hypotheses- Part A) The 5x5x2.5mm block will turn clear first as the Surface area to volume ratio is high and the 10x10x10mm block will take the longest to completely diffuse the Acid to its centre. Part B) The flat‚ rectangular block will be the first to completely turn clear due to its high Surface Area/Volume Ratio
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How did the amount of Sodium Citrate‚ an anticoagulant‚ added to a Calcium Chloride solution affect the volume of the clots formed when a sodium alginate solution‚ a blood simulation‚ was introduced? Mackenzie Keesor (Fall Semester 2017-2018) Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to observe the differences in the formation of simulated blood clots when different amounts of sodium citrate‚ an anticoagulant‚ was added to the coagulation process‚ which would help gain information about the process
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