Examine the role of expert and lay knowledge in understanding and managing risk. Contents Page Introduction 3 Risk 3-4 What is risk? How do we understand risk? How do we manage risk? Expert Knowledge 4-5 What is it? Advantages of expert knowledge Disadvantage of expert knowledge Lay Knowledge 5-6 What is it? Advantages of lay knowledge Disadvantages of lay knowledge Beck’s Theory of a Risk society 6 Case Study:
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provides focus upon the role of the forensic psychologist‚ specifically as it applies to mitigation (Atkins at el). Psychologists were beginning to act as expert witnesses in criminal trials throughout Europe. In 1896‚ a psychologist by the name of Albert von Schrenck-Notzing testified at a murder trial about the effects of suggestibility on witness testimony (Bartol‚ 2005). Popular movies‚ television programs and books have help popularize the field‚ often depicting brilliant heroes who solve vicious
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Running head: THE EVOLUTION OF THE NURSE The Evolution of the Nurse Expert Witness The Evolution of the Nurse Expert Witness The Importance of Knowing the History of Professional Nursing Wisdom regarding the history of nursing provides nurses with an appreciation for their profession today (Zerwekh & Claborn‚ 2009). A classic reason for studying history is to avoid repeating it. However‚ knowing the history of professional nursing can not only enlighten an individual to changes that need
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DRAFT WHO WILL PROTECT THE CHILDREN? THE UNTOLD STORY OF UNACCOMPANIED MINORS IN WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAMS1 Michal Gilad* Abstract Witness protection programs originated in the 80’s to protect middle-aged Mafia affiliated witnesses. However‚ over the last decade‚ a new generation of witnesses emerged. They are youthful‚ risk taking and vulnerable to intimidation. They are also vital for the effective prosecution of modern forms of crime involving a subculture of juveniles‚ which adults find
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Death of an expert witness by P.D James English C Background Phyllis Dorothy James or more commonly referred to as P.D James was born in Oxford in 1920. James attended Cambridge High School for Girls. Her first published work titled Cover Her Face which she began writing in the mid 50s introduced the public to her most iconic character; investigator Adam Dagliesh. Dagliesh is a well-known character who is a reoccurring presence in a series of detective novels one of which I have had the pleasure
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EXPERT SYSTEMS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI’s scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference‚ or reasoning‚ by a computer‚ and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. Of course‚ the
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Effect of anxiety in eye witness testimony Eyewitness Testimony refers to witnesses who are asked to give testimonies in court to particular crimes. Anxiety is amongst several other factors that can affect the accuracy of EWT. Depending on the anxiety level a witness has experienced‚ their recall level can either be more or less accurate. Loftus 1979‚ investigated the effect of anxiety on eye witness testimony accuracy. She asked participants to sit outside a laboratory where they thought they
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evaluate research into how anxiety affects eye witness testimony Eye witness testimonies are accounts from witnesses to a crime or accident given as evidence in a court or to the police. Research into eye witness testimonies being affected by anxiety is mixed and It is believed that eye witness testimony is most accurate when the anxiety level is somewhere in between low and high anxiety. There is evidence to support that anxiety helps eye witness testimony. Yuille and Cutshall interviewed people
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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eye witness testimony. Eye witness testimonies are the evidence given in court or in police investigation by someone who has witnessed a crime or an accident. Eye witness testimonies are affected by a number of factors‚ but the one that I am going to focus on is anxiety. Laboratory studies and some ‘real life’ studies have generally shown impaired recall in people who have witnessed particularly distressing or anxiety
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HIROFILOS: A Medical Expert System for Prostate Diseases CONSTANTINOS KOUTSOJANNIS 1‚ MARIA TSIMARA2‚ EMAN NABIL1 1 Medical Physics Lab‚ Department of Physiotherapy TEI of Patras Psaron 6‚ Aigion 2 Department of Medicine University of Patras Rion‚ Patras GREECE ckoutsog@teipat.gr‚ http://aigio.teipat.gr Abstract: - Prostate gland diseases‚ including cancer are estimated to be one of the leading cause of male death worldwide and its management is based on guidelines regarding diagnosis‚ evaluation
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