CHAPTER 22 The Costs of Production Topic Question numbers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Costs: explicit and implicit 1-9 2. Profits 10-23 3. Short run versus long run 24-31 4. Law of diminishing returns 32-55 5. Short-run costs 56-157 6. Long-run costs 158-193 Last Word 194-196 True-False 197-210 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 4 - Methane production 4.1 Microbial consortia and biological aspects of methane fermentation 4.2 Molecular biology of methanogens 4.3 Developments in bioreactor technology References Methane fermentation is a versatile biotechnology capable of converting almost all types of polymeric materials to methane and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions. This is achieved as a result of the consecutive biochemical breakdown of polymers to methane and carbon dioxide in an environment
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Sugar was not only a stimulant to consumers but also for anyone else in the production of it‚ more and more sugar was being demanded‚ perhaps because of it accessibility or the money that came out of it. If it weren’t for producers‚ consumers‚ and entrepreneurs sugar production would not have been one of the biggest productions of a crop in the world. The organization of sugar met the needs of producers‚ because sugar production was profitable and did not consist of many owners; it met the needs of consumers
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Mass production refers to the making of large quantities of standardized products. The process involves division of labour and each worker specializes in one or two tasks‚ doing repetitive work. On the other hand‚ the craftsman is the expert who is solely responsible for all the steps involved in producing the product. There is assumption that the craftsman is the master who has skill‚ and expertise to ensure that all his products are of a good quality. Whether mass production will inevitably lead
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1. Define production. What are the factors of production? Define production: Production means the creation of Utility. Through production inputs are converted into output which can satisfy or meet wants or demands. So production is a process of transforming inputs into useable outputs. Utilities are created in three forms such as (i) Changing the form (ii) changing time and (iii) changing place. Example: Wood in a forest generally has no utility to a consumer but cutting the wood‚ changing
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that‚ in today’s society the family is losing its functions. Many sociologists argue that since the Industrial revolution‚ after the pre - modern society that the family has lost many of its functions and some argue they haven’t. Parson and Dennis‚ functionalist sociologists argue that the functions that would have usually been performed by the family have now‚ in the modern society been removed from the family. They believe that these functions have now been transferred to other specialised institutions
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To understand how growth can occur‚ we need to consider the factors of production. Economists observe that in the production of any good‚ four factors of production are involved. These are 1. Land The physical land‚ but also comprising all the natural resources on the earth‚ below the earth or in the atmosphere. There is a distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be used and replaced. For example‚ water in a lake can be used‚ but can
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1. Briefly describe salt production from brine production to finished round cans. Salt is produce by drilling the surface for about 2‚400 feet below. Then‚ water is infused in this cave; thus‚ salt is dissolved with the water. The resulting brine is then pumped in the surface‚ boiled and when it evaporates‚ salt crystals will occur with some moisture but can be removed through the drying process. This happen continuously for about 6 weeks but there will come a point where output will reduce (normal
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India is one of the major coffee producing countries and ranks sixth in the world after Brazil‚ Columbia‚ Vietnam‚ Indonesia and Mexico. With only about 2 per cent share in the global coffee area‚ India contributes about 4 per cent towards the world production and between 4 to 4.5 per cent of global coffee exports. In India‚ coffee is cultivated in about 4.10 lakh hectares mainly confined to southern states of Karnataka (57%)‚ Kerala (21%) and Tamil Nadu (8%)‚ which form traditional coffee tracts. Coffee
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for and want to improve the lot of farmers and rural communities‚ but who are motivated by a desire for votes and money‚ and who are working on a national or international scale‚ not an ecological or bioregional one. Take the National Party’s John Cobb‚ the Shadow Minister for Agriculture. ‘Why has the Rudd Government declared war on the town of Bourke?’ he asked‚ after the British-owned Clyde Agriculture sold the iconic Toorale Station to the federal and New South Wales governments in 2008. Toorale
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