research strategies on product-service systems P.P. Wang*‚ X.G. Ming‚ D. Li‚ F.B. Kong‚ L. Wang and Z.Y. Wu School of Mechanical Engineering‚ Shanghai Jiao Tong University‚ Shanghai‚ PR China (Received 17 May 2010; final version received 12 October 2010) As present trends in economic and population growth continue‚ the natural environment is increasingly being stressed. More and more researchers‚ institutes and programmes have paid attention to product-service systems (PSSes) in the last decade
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Street Journal. Cost Management and Strategy – refer to your assigned questions and problems Cost Drivers and Basic Cost Concepts -- What is a cost? Define cost pools. What is a cost object? cost assignment? Contrast a direct cost with an indirect cost. Define cost allocation. What is an allocation base? Contrast cost assignment with cost allocation. What is a direct material? Direct labor? Indirect material? Indirect labor? factory overhead? What are conversion costs? Prime costs? What are the
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Cost management | Wilkerson Company Case | | 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The competitive situation faced by Wilkerson is quite severe. Price cutting in its main product has led to a huge drop in profit. While price increase in another product line partially made up the loss. We will discuss the detailed situation line by line. (1) Valves It was the first product line developed by Wilkerson and its high quality brought it a loyal customer base. Even
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CHAPTER 7: ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND ACTIVITY-BASED MANAGEMENT Preston Piston manufactures two types of electric sleeping bags- Luxury and Exclusive- and applies manufacturing overhead to all units at the rate of $80 per machine hour. Production information follows: Luxury Exclusive Direct material $35 $60 Direct Labour $20 $20 Budgeted volume (units) 8‚000 15‚000 The management accountant has determined that the firm’s overhead can be identified with three activities: manufacturing
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Chapter 1 Basic Cost Concepts Learning Objectives • To understand the meaning of different costing terms to understand different costing methods • To have a basic idea of different costing techniques • To understand the meaning of cost sheet In order to determine and take a dispassionate view about what lies beneath the surface of accounting figures‚ a financial analyst has to make use of different management accounting techniques. Cost techniques have a precedence over the other
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Submitted by: Rajwant Singh Bamel Enrollment No.: 20091034 Section: A Can a grund norm provide sufficient legitimacy to a legal system based on norms? Law in a society may or may not be governed by the existence of the norms prevailing‚ but it is always influenced by them in one way or the other. To some people norms might be something that is imposed over them through their culture and tradition and they are coerced to follow them‚ while for others it might be something very sacred that has
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Cost reduction Generally defined as the act of cutting costs to improve profitability. Cost reduction‚ should therefore‚ not be confused with cost saving and cost control. Cost saving could be a temporary affair and may be at the cost of quality. Cost reduction implies the retention of essential characteristics and quality of the product and thus it must be confined to permanent and genuine savings in the costs of manufacture‚ administration‚ distribution and selling‚ brought about by elimination
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Introduction Transfer pricing is one of the key factors of a management control system‚ which helps a company to achieve its goals‚ including profit maximization and tax minimization. There are several methods of setting transfer prices among profit centers within the same organization. Each profit center tries to set transfer prices which maximize their own profit. The buying and selling profit centers’ profits are largely affected by transfer prices. For example‚ when a high transfer price is
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successful cost reduction programmes In the current economic climate‚ most organisations must face up to a prolonged period of extreme competition and funding restrictions. This is particularly the case if the past few years have been focused on growth‚ service improvement or reorganisation (i.e. cost efficiency has not been a recent priority). Such pressures require an approach that reduces costs in a strategic‚ disciplined‚ and sustainable manner - delivered at pace. In our view serious cost reduction
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funds‚ and the level of interest it charges in its lending activities. In recent history‚ investors have demanded a more stable revenue stream and banks have therefore placed more emphasis on transaction fees‚ primarily loan fees but also including service charges on an array of deposit activities and ancillary services. Lending activities‚ however‚ still provide the bulk of a commercial bank’s income. Beside‚ Banks make money from card products through interest payments and fees charged to consumers
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