gain or loss is gains that increase(decrease) taxpayers’ gross income. 6. What does it mean to characterize a gain or loss? Why is characterizing a gain or loss important? Characterizing a gain or loss means to label it as either ordinary or capital (long-term or short-term). It is important to characterize a gain or loss because gains and losses of different characters are treated differently for tax purposes. 7. Explain the difference between ordinary‚ capital‚ and 1231 assets. Ordinary
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Permanent Income Hypothesis Introduction The basic idea is that people’s income has a random element to it and also a known element to it and that people try to smooth the random part using saving and borrowing. Hence‚ we need to distinguish between permanent income and transitory income. Example: Suppose that you are working and receive an annual salary of twenty thousand dollar. Suppose that you expect to get that salary every year in the future. Then twenty thousand dollar represents the
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Income inequality means that there is no equality between people. Also‚ there are big differences between the rich and everyone else. This problem grows year after year. Some people become poor and other become rich. The American Dream is related to income because everyone who wants to achieve the American Dream must have a great income. Rich and poor people are all human beings‚ but poor people have stolen money from each other because they do not have a great experience to get money. Rich people
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ROLE OF EDUCATION IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT By NJOKA John Nyaga‚ Kenya. (jnyaga2003@yahoo.co.uk) INTRODUCTION Sustainable development is that development which will meet the present needs of the community without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental education involves among other things the provision of information‚ recognizing values‚ clarifying concepts etc in order to develop skills and attitudes that enable the community to understand and
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REGIONAL EFFECTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE USING U.S. COUNTY-LEVEL DATA is an academic article written by Bebonchu Atems. This article or Journal comes from the Journal of Regional Science Vol. 53‚ and was published November fourth‚ 2013. Bebonchu Atems (assistant professor of Economics and Financial Studies) is part of the Department of Economics School of Business at Clarks University. When studies are done on the U.S level on relationship between variables such as income inequality and
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20: Income Inequality and Poverty 1) Income Inequality and Poverty A person’s earnings depend on the supply and demand for that person’s labor‚ which in turn depend on natural ability‚ human capital‚ compensating differentials‚ discrimination‚ and so on. 2) THE MEASUREMENT OF INEQUALITY How much inequality is there in our society? How many people live in poverty? What problems arise in measuring the amount of inequality? How often do people move among income classes? 3) Table 1 The Distribution
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(c) Assume that total household incomes rise from £500bn to £550bn. Assume that this results in the consumption of domestically produced goods and services rising from £450bn to £490bn. What is the mpcd? (Cd / (Y = £40bn/£50bn = 4/5 or 0.8 (d) Assuming that the mpcd remains constant‚ what will the level of consumption of domestically produced goods and services be if national income now rises to £700bn? If national income rises from £550bn to £700bn‚ a rise
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Measurement of National Income • Like the accounts of a business national income accounts have two sides: a product side and an income side. • On the product side production and sales are measured. • The income side measures the distribution of the proceeds from sales. • On the product side there are two widely reported measures of overall production: • Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) • GDP and GNP differ in their treatment of international transactions. • GNP
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Per capita income as a measure of prosperity Per capita income is often used as average income‚ a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation‚ particularly in comparison to other nations. Per capita income is often used to measure a country’s standard of living. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly used international currency such as the Euro or United States dollar‚ and is useful because it is widely known‚ easily calculated from readily-available GDP and population estimates
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Recently‚ a term known as income inequality has been thrown around in the debate between the rich and the poor. Income inequality is the unfair and ever expanding disparity between the nation ’s highest-income households‚ and the lowest-income households. Although it ’s impossible to establish 100% equality‚ due to it being unfair to give everyone the same exact income even though certain individuals work harder than others‚ thus it should be our
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