overview Topic: “Cognitive Maps” Course: Knowledge Engineering Author: Marina Borovkova Group: FM.1 Saint-Petersburg 2011 Table of contents Introduction 3 Definition of Cognitive Mapping 4 History and Use of the Term 4 The Process of Cognitive Mapping 6 Different Types of Cognitive Map and Mapping Techniques 7 Cognitive mapping techniques 8 Causal mapping. 8 Semantic mapping 9 Concept mapping 10 Application of cognitive techniques and maps 11 Conclusion 13 Introduction
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brand name and the psychological or emotional benefits the customers receives from a company’s products. This can be described‚ as what “value” means to a typical loyal customer; and what‚ ultimately‚ is the essential nature and character of the brand over time. BRAND EQUITY A brand is a name or a symbol that is used to identify the source of a product. When a business develops a new product‚ branding is an extremely important decision. The brand can add significant value when it is well
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MARKETING ASSIGNMENT on POSITIONING Submitted by: Shivani Gupta MBA (Ignou) Ques 1 Choose one of the category or the product group in the marketing industry. Choose some brands in that category and describe how each of them is positioned? Develop a perceptual positioning map as well. Ans. Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive
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Swedish Furniture Giant IKEA Case Study The points of the Porter’s Diamond are described as four broad attributes. And these attributes promote or impede the creation of competitive advantage. These attributes are: •Factor conditions --a nation’s position in factors of production such as skilled labor or the infrastructure necessary to compete in a given industry. •Demand conditions --the nature of home demand for the industry’s product or service. •Relating and supporting industries
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Absolut Positioning. This report will describe the concept of positioning‚ effective positioning and its relation to segmentation. It will analyse the positioning of Absolut vodka in its market share. In this report the relevant positioning criteria will be identified and appropriate positioning maps to support the analysis will be used. In addition‚ suggestions on how to improve and develop the Absolut’s positioning will be given as well. In order to apply the relevant academic theory to the
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Profit margin: As measured by this profitability metric (look at the Appendix 2)‚ Pearson has‚ on average‚ been generating stable returns. This ratio reveals the company’s ability to control its operating costs. As it is noted‚ Pearson has well managed its operating costs in the long term. On the other side‚ even though Reed Elsevier has had on average higher profit margins‚ they have been much less stable than Pearson’s. This shows that Pearson has a higher ability to control its operating costs
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Planimetric Map. A planimetric map presents only the horizontal positions for the features represented. It is distinguished from a topographic map by the omission of relief‚ normally represented by contour lines. Sometimes‚ it is called a line map. Topographic Map. A topographic map portrays terrain features in a measurable way‚ as well as the horizontal positions of the features represented. The vertical positions‚ or relief‚ are normally represented by contour lines on military topographic maps. On maps
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LESSON PLAN IN MAP READING I. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson‚ the Cadets and Cadettes are expected 1. To define what is a map. 2. To explain the importance of knowing on how to read the map. 3. To illustrate on how to interpret different symbols and colors on the actual natural and manmade features. 4. To use the map during land navigation. II. SUBJECT MATTER: Map Reading Ref: CAT-1 Cadet/Cadette Manual III. MATERIALS:
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Cited: Johnson‚ Steven. The Ghost Map. New York City: Penguin Group USA Inc. ‚ 2006.
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Perceptual Maps in Marketing Thorr Motorcycles is a company that manufactures 200‚000 motorcycles a year. It also licenses T-shirts‚ shoes‚ leather goods‚ toys‚ and other consumer items. The company currently has a high-brand image manufacturing high-end motorcycles and owns approximately forty percent of market share. The challenge for Thorr is that the industry is growing‚ but sales of its high-end product are decreasing. The reason for this loss of market share is that the target customers of
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