MARGINAL COSTING [pic] SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. Shashi Srivastav ABHISHEK KUMAR RAI
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A management control systems (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human‚ physical‚ financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. Finally‚ MCS influences the behavior of organizational resources to implement organizational strategies. MCS might be formal or informal. The term ‘management control’ was given of its current connotations by Robert N. Anthony (Otley‚ 1994)
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Absorption Costing Absorption costing is a method of costing that assigns a small percentage of production and overheads costs to the price of each product that is going to be sold. It accounts for all costs‚ direct and indirect‚ fixed and variable. For example; if 1000 products are made and the total costs are £10000 then each product would cost £10 before making a profit (10000/1000=10). Variable costs are costs that can be controlled by management or a sales worker. Whereas fixed costs are
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Activity-Based Costing ABC Company produces two products: Product A and Product B. Recently appointed management decided to change from a unit-based‚ traditional costing system to an activity-based costing system. The following data have been gathered‚ to assess the effect of the change: Product type Quantity Prime Costs Machine Hours Material Moves Setups Product A 60‚000 €150‚000 3‚500 6‚800 800 Product B 15‚000 € 30‚000 2‚750 1‚200 450 Expenditures (€) €180‚000 €120‚000
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DL hrs $75 $ 280 × $ 435 Req. 5 The single plantwide rate undercosts Job 450 and undercosts Job 455. Since Donovan sets the sales price at 125% of cost‚ and the job cost is affected by the allocation system used‚ the sales price will be affected by the allocation system used. (15-20 min.) E 4-23A Req. 1 West Horizon Computation of Cost Allocation Rates Activity Materials handling Machine setup Insertion Finishing Total Activity Overhead (est.) $13‚200 $ 5‚200
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ways and means are called the system of ‘internal control (I.C).’ (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Management not the auditor must establish and maintain the entity’s of control. (Alvin J.‚ James K.‚ W. Morley‚ Ingrid B.‚ 2000). According to Spicer and Pegler‚ “internal control is best regarded as indicating the whole system of controls‚ financial and otherwise estimated by the management in the conduct of a business including internal check‚ internal audit and other form of controls.” (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Larry F
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Behaviour-control and output-control are opposing methodologies managers employ in control-systems. Organizational requirements are determined by size‚ goals and other variables. Control-systems are mechanisms “for adjusting course if performance falls outside acceptable boundaries” (Davidson & Griffin‚ 06)‚ allowing adaptation to change. They include procedures for “monitoring‚ directing‚ evaluating and compensating employees”‚ and influencing behaviors with the objective of having the best impact
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Process costing Process costing is a system which mostly practices by a company whereby the manager of the company wants to know the cash flow from one department to another. Process costing give a clarify information to managers‚ therefore this activities is very important. Process costing is consisting of three ingredients which are direct materials‚ direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Direct material is the raw material which needs to produce a product‚ for example rubber for shoes‚
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Tutorial 2 BB101- Business Communication Chapter 4: Principles of Business Communication Part A: MCQ type questions 1. 2. Which of the following statements about business writing is accurate? A. The longer a message‚ the better because quantity enhances quality. B. Writers of business messages have a definite purpose to fulfill in each document. C. Preparing concise and purposeful messages comes naturally to most writers. D. Each business message requires you to
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Riordan Business Systems Riordan Manufacturing currently has four plants of operations. These plants are in San Jose‚ California‚ Albany‚ Georgia‚ Pontiac‚ Michigan and Hungzhou‚ China. Currently the Operations department runs on independent Microsoft SQL servers running Microsoft Project‚ and Microsoft Office 2003. The Research and Development department recently received an upgrade to there outdated Computer Aided Drafting Software from aSa Solutions because the system on hand was inadequate
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