happen by either mitosis or meiosis‚ depending on what type of cell is invovled. Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting furtilized‚ the species chromosome number is kept even. Mitosis happens in the
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Mendelian Genetics * Pea plants have several advantages for genetics. * Pea plants are available in many varieties with distinct heritable features (characters) with different variants (traits). * Another advantage of peas is that Mendel had strict control over which plants mated with which. * Each pea plant has male (stamens) and female (carpal) sexual organs. * In nature‚ pea plants typically self-fertilize‚ fertilizing ova with their own sperm.
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Extension of mendelian inheritance Incomplete Dominance Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the dominant and recessive phenotypes. Incomplete dominance is similar to‚ but different from co-dominance. In co-dominance‚ an additional phenotype is produced ‚ however both alleles are expressed completely
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processes of Meiosis and Mitosis‚ and how do they ultimately affect the end results? The most prominent difference between the process of Meiosis and Mitosis is the number of divisions involved: Mitosis only has one major division whilst Meiosis has two. The divisions affect the overall outcome because they have a direct correlation to the number of daughter cells produced-- which is to say‚ the more divisions a cell undergoes‚ the more daughter cells it produces. In this specific context‚ Mitosis typically
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2 Single Gene Inheritance WORKING WITH THE FIGURES (The first 14 questions require inspection of text figures.) 1. In the left-hand part of Figure 2-4‚ the red arrows show selfing as pollination within single flowers of one F1 plant. Would the same F2 results be produced by cross-pollinating two different F1 plants? Answer: No‚ the results would be different. While self pollination produces 3 : 1 ratio of yellow versus gene phenotype‚ cross pollination would result in 1 : 1 ratio‚ in
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(Gyrase) 2. Explain the relationship between chromatin‚ chromosome‚ chromatid‚ and centromere. Chromatin: DNA + Protein. DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus. Chromosome: Genetic material of cell (genome). It is made out of chromatin. Chromatid: Half of a duplicated chromosome. One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome. Centromere: A small region of a chromosome where sister chromatids attach to each other. Important for mitosis and meiosis. The relationship
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis Cell Division is the process of dividing a parent cell into multiple daughter cells by using the Cell Cycle. The Cell Cycle itself is composed of the Interphase‚ usually Mitosis‚ and Cytokinesis. The Interphase‚ which takes up 90% of the Cell Cycle‚ is composed of three phases: Growth 1 (G1)‚ Synthesis (S)‚ and Growth 2 (G2). In the G1 phase‚ the cell grows its size‚ replicates any organelles‚ and functions normally. In the S phase‚ it would prepare to divide its nucleus. Lastly
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Describing theories TASK 1(P1) Introduction The theory I have chosen to discuss is the theory of inheritance‚ which is attributed largely to Gregor Mendel who lived from 1822 to 1884 and was considered to be a mathematical scientist who introduced the science of genetics. Observation During the period of 1858 to 1866‚ Mendel observed the different characteristics that where inherited by living creatures. He done this by breading garden peas in his monastery garden and analyzing the offspring
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More than one celled organisms grow by way of mitosis and the cytoplasmic division of body cells. On the other hand‚ meiosis occurs only in germ cells‚ which are put aside for the formation of gametes (sperm and egg). Reproduction by meiosis allows for species survival and it increases genetic variability. The process‚ during which the germ cells are generated is called meiosis. It represents nature’s solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that would occur‚ if two diploid cells‚ i.e.
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Mendel‚ Genes‚ and Inheritance Chapter 12 Why It Matters Red blood cells in sickle-cell disease One amino acid in the wrong position causes the disease 12.1 The Beginnings of Genetics: Mendel’s Garden Peas Mendel chose true-breeding garden peas for his experiments Mendel first worked with single-character crosses Mendel’s single-character crosses led him to propose the principle of segregation Mendel could predict both classes and proportions of offspring from his hypotheses
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