Abstrac The purpose of this paper is to review the history of "green marketing" since the early 1990s and to provide a critique of both theory and practice in order to understand how the marketing discipline may yet contribute to progress towards greater sustainability. The paper examines elements of green marketing theory and practice over the past 15 years by employing the logic of the classic paper from 1985 "Has marketing failed‚ or was it never really tried" of seeking to identify "false
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Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory Author(s): Richard M. Steers‚ Richard T. Mowday‚ Debra L. Shapiro Source: The Academy of Management Review‚ Vol. 29‚ No. 3 (Jul.‚ 2004)‚ pp. 379-387 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20159049 . Accessed: 25/04/2011 09:09 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
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Nowadays‚ besides the income‚ motivation is one of the best ways to keep people more productive during their work. Each person might have a different goal as long as they know how to achieve it. According to Williams and McWilliams (2010)‚ ‘motivation is the set of forces that initiates‚ directs and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal’. In other words‚ motivation can become the factor that encourages someone to persist on their stance in order to achieve their goal. It depends
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Expectancy Theory of Motivation The three components and relationships in the Expectancy Theory of Motivation are the expectancy component which relates to the effort –performance relationship‚ the instrumentality theory component which relates to the performance-reward relationship‚ and the valence theory component which relates to the rewards-personal goals relationship. Effort – performance relationship is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort
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Human motivational theories propounded by Maslow‚ Herzberg ‚ McClelland and Vroom Motivation is a term that refers to a process that controls‚ and sustains certain behaviours. For instance: An individual has not eaten‚ he or she feels hungry‚ and as a response he or she eats and decreases feelings of hunger. According to various theories‚ motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure‚ or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting‚ or a desired
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the study as well as implications and recommendations for future research to add to the research already completed on the relationship between fitness and academic performance. There are a surplus of circumstances that influence academic performance‚ some which are indefinable. More research is needed on the relationship between aerobic fitness and academic achievement performance among other factors due to the increasing number of children suffering from being overweight or obese (Hall‚ 2007). The
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The expectancy theory of motivation suggests that the way a person acts is based on the assumption of what the outcome will be. The employee will exert more effort if it is believed that the reward will satisfy a specific personal goal or specific achievement. An example of this type of behavior would be to volunteer for extra work at the office in an effort to be considered for the next promotion. There are three components and relationships in the expectancy theory of motivation. The first component
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Performance Measurement and Management in HR and Payroll An analysis of trends‚ strategies‚ software and services By Keith Rodgers Webster Buchanan Research‚ March 2010 www.websterb.com Published in association with Computers in Personnel www.ComputersinPersonnelHR.com W E B S T E R • B U C H A N A N • R E S E A R C H Contents Disclaimer and Copyright Notice..................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ...........
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Performance Management Introduction: Performance management is the process through which supervisors and those they lead gain a shared understanding of work expectations and goals‚ exchange performance feedback‚ identify learning and development opportunities‚ and evaluate performance results. Importance: It is through this process that organizations are able to create and sustain a workplace environment that: Values continuous improvement Adapts well to change Strives to attain ambitious goals
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Research on the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Company Performance ——An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data FAN Libo YUAN Xin WANG Su School of Business‚ University of International Business and Economics‚ P.R.China‚ 100029 Abstract: It is well known that knowledge economy is mainly based on intellectual capital. Intellectual capital plays a key role in enterprise’s value promotion. In fact‚ the good intellectual capital control system can bring the positive influence
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