1. Briefly explain why many corporations prefer to issue callable long-term corporate bonds rather than non-callable long-term bonds. There are three main reasons why a corporation may be interested in calling a bond. * Interest rates have fallen‚ so they can refinance at a lower rate. * Credit quality has improved‚ so they can refinance at a lower rate. * Assets have been sold‚ so money is available to pay off debt. If a bond issuer pays investors the going rate of 7% annually in interest‚ and
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INTRODUCTION Ridley Corporation Limited (RIC)‚ an Australia-based company found in 1987 that manufactures and markets animal nutrition solutions and solar salt‚ has two major businesses named Ridley AgriProducts and Cheetham Salt. The purpose of our report is to provide a comprehensive analysis of RIC’s past and current financial performance based on its financial statements. The first part in this report is a detailed ratio analysis with four different categories to evaluate the general performance
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Journal of International Management 8 (2002) 223 – 240 Liability of foreignness to competitive advantage: How multinational enterprises cope with the international business environment Deepak Sethi*‚ Stephen Guisinger 1 University of Texas at Dallas‚ P.O. Box 830688‚ Richardson‚ TX 75083-0688‚ USA Abstract An expanded and holistic conceptualization of the liability of foreignness (LOF) is presented that goes beyond the traditional foreign subsidiary – local firm dyad in the host country.
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background One of the primary benefits of creating a corporate entity is to limit the liability of the shareholders. However‚ under certain circumstances the corporate entity may be disregarded. This is also known as piercing the corporate veil and is the most frequent method for holding the shareholders liable for the acts of a corporation. Corporate officers‚ directors and controlling shareholders have a general fiduciary duty of loyalty and care which should govern
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relationship‚ a partnership is vicariously liable for wrongs of its partners and employees and other agents acting in the course of their partnership’s business. Additionally‚ vicarious liability extends to individual partners as well‚ regardless of their individual culpability. The latter principle of spinoff liability is‚ naturally‚ highly detested among members of the partnership‚ in particular members of professional service firms. Intriguingly‚ the principle of vicarious liability has over time
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Partnership is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of the business carried on by all or any of them acting for all. An essential element of partnership is to have an agreement and wherever a change takes place in this relationship it results in reconstitution of the partnership firm. Reconstitution of the firm may happen under any of the following circumstances and as a result there will be a change in the profit sharing ratio: 1) Change in the profit
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PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT entered into between: ___________________________________________________________________________ (full name and registration number) (“the First Partner”) and ___________________________________________________________________________ (full name and registration number) (“the Second Partner”) and ___________________________________________________________________________ (full name and registration number) (“the Third Partner”) WHEREBY IT IS AGREED
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Products Liability 1. Construct a fact pattern [an example] to clearly delineate: a. A Manufacturing Defect: A car’s braking system that does not work properly and causes the driver to get into an accident. b. A Design Defect: A type of sunglasses that fail to protect the eyes from ultraviolet rays. c. A Marketing Defect: Prescription drugs advertised as “virtually non-toxic‚” “safe‚” and “free of significant side effects” when they are not. They failed to state
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of a Partnership Explain the effects of the entries to record the liquidation of a partnership. Liquidation of a business involves selling the assets of the firm‚ paying liabilities‚ and distributing any remaining assets. Liquidation may result from the sale of the business by mutual agreement of the partners‚ from the death of a partner‚ or from bankruptcy. Partnership liquidation ends both the legal and economic life of the entity. From an accounting standpoint‚ the partnership should
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in the business of receiving deposits (liabilities) and to issue debt securities on one hand and create or invest in assets on the other hand during these transactions banks incur costs for their liabilities and earn income from their assets. Asset – liability management is therefore very critical for the sound management of the finances of any organisation that invests to meet its future cash flow needs and capital requirements. An efficient asset-liability management requires maximising the bank’s
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