Abuse of dominance: Predatory Pricing Submitted by: Radhika Sahay (Intern; May 2012 – June 2012) ------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5 CASES 6 LIST OF BOOKS‚ JOURNAL ARTICLES‚ REPORTS 8 LIST OF STATUTES REFFERED 11 CHAPTER1: BACKGROUND 12 CHAPTER 2: ABUSE OF DOMINANCE 15 2.1 Relevant Market: 16 2.2 Dominant Position: 20 a. Indian Position on indentifying “dominance” 20 DEFINITION OF DOMINANCE AND KEY ELEMENTS: 22 IMPORTANCE
Free Competition law
After forming a clinical judgement‚ a nurse makes a decision by implementing what should be done and how it should be done. Clinical decision making is process of drawing from various dimensions of knowledge‚ in which nurses organize data‚ form conclusions‚ and act on these conclusions ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient (Gillespie & Paterson‚ 2009). Nursing process frameworks describe the decision-making process as a set of steps including assessment‚ identification of a problem‚
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price) or sufficiently low (for a price increase) to improve profits. The critical level of PED can be found by an application of breakeven analysis. We can take the current level of contribution to overheads and profit; and ask what the volume (units sold) must be to give the same level of contribution at the alternative price. Having found this critical volume‚ we can then compute what the PED would be to give us this volume at the new price‚ compared with the existing price and quantity. This
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settings policies and procedures so they know exactly who to turn to in any given situation. If a Child makes an allegation of abuse to you‚ you must speak to the child calmly and explain to them that you are not able to keep the information to yourself‚ that you must take it to the person who is the designated safeguarding lead at your place of work. You must record everything that the child has said‚ using the language and words that they have used‚ not your own interpretation of what they have said‚ be
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Pricing Strategies in Software Platforms: Video Consoles vs. Operating Systems Operating system platforms charge high prices to the users and subsidize developers. However‚ video console firms charge low prices to users and make profits on the developers’ side. When setting prices‚ developers may be constrained by one of two margins‚ the demand margin and the competition margin. What margin is binding depends on the number of applications in the market and on the level of substitutability among
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School of Business Duke University International Strategy: WBA 434 Professors Heath‚ Huddart‚ & Slotta Transfer Pricing 1. Overview An essential feature of decentralized firms is responsibility centers (e.g.‚ cost-‚ profit-‚ revenue-‚ or investment-centers). The performance of these responsibility centers is evaluated on the basis of various accounting numbers‚ such as standard cost‚ divisional profit‚ or return on investment (as well as on the basis of other non-accounting measures‚ like market
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Chapter 1 Introduction of the Topic TRANSFER PRICING TRANSFER PRICING is a term used to describe all aspects of inter Company pricing arrangements between related business entities‚ and commonly applies to inter Company transfers of tangible and intangible property. Inter Company transactions across borders are growing rapidly and are becoming much more complex. Transfer pricing refers to the internal pricing system that is used when divisions in the same firm deliver products or services
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Types of information The source of the information (I.e. where did it come from?) The purpose of information (e.g. a customer order; financial data) Verbal Face to face communication with a customer‚ employees Sharing information with the customer to be able to make a sale Written Advertisements‚ leaflets‚ gift cards‚ website The purpose is to inform the customer about a particular product which may be coming out or being updated. On-screen Exchange rates screen To show what the exchange rate to
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Secondary sources: internet research; government and other published data; by-product data Storage: security of information; data protection issues; ethical issues 2 Understand a range of techniques to analyse data effectively for business purposes Representative values: mean‚ median‚ mode; calculation from raw data and frequency distributions using appropriate software; using the results to draw valid conclusions Measures of dispersion: standard deviation for small and large samples; typical
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can incur without hurting profits is of 500 units or -25%. Actual Change in Sales Change in Contribution = Change in Profit (%) (Units) ($) ($) 0‚0% 0 8000 8.000 -10‚0% -200 4800 4.800 -20‚0% -400 1600 1.600 -25‚0% -500 0 0 -30‚0% -600 -1600 -1.600 -40‚0% -800 -4800 -4.800 -50‚0% -1000 -8000 -8.000 proposed price change=+20%; Initial Price=$20; %CM=60%; Semi-Fixed Costs=$500 per 400 Units Q2) P/P = -10% P = -10% X 20 = -2
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