Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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from the banks‚ issuing stocks or issuing bonds. However‚ when the interest rate of borrowing from banks is very high due to high inflation‚ together with the stock market is quite instable; calling for capital from bond market is much more preferred by investors. In the context of this report‚ some major points regarding the bond market in Vietnam are presented. Firstly‚ a common picture about the Vietnam bond market is drawn. Next come the types of bonds and major participants in this market. Finally
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What Does Corporate Social Responsibility Mean? Corporate initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company ’s effects on the environment and impact on social welfare. The term generally applies to company efforts that go beyond what may be required by regulators or environmental protection groups. Corporate social responsibility may also be referred to as "corporate citizenship" and can involve incurring short-term costs that do not provide an immediate financial benefit to the
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AND BOND VALUATION L E A R N I N G LG1 Describe interest rate fundamentals‚ the term structure of interest rates‚ and risk premiums. LG2 Review the legal aspects of bond financing and bond cost. LG3 LG4 Discuss the general features‚ quotations‚ ratings‚ popular types‚ and international issues of corporate bonds. LG5 LG6 G O A L S Apply the basic valuation model to bonds and describe the impact of required return and time to maturity on bond values. Explain yield
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What is Maturity? Different people see the meaning of maturity in different ways. People often think of maturity as being associated with a specific age. But in many cases‚ when a person has reached the age which is considered to be “mature”‚ he or she may not yet be mature mentally. Maturity is not defined by a specific age. The United States government‚ similar to that of other countries‚ has a set of specific ages in which people are considered “mature” enough to participate in activities such
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NIGERIA MARCH 4-14 2008 THE BOND MARKET IN GHANA-CHALLENGES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT A. Introduction A bond has been defined as a debt (loan) instrument which requires the issuer to repay the investor the amount borrowed with interest over a predetermined period of time. Bonds can be callable‚ redeemable‚ convertible‚ extendable or retractable. They may have warrants attached to them as a sweetner. They may also be income generating or have zero coupons. Bond investors are exposed to some
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The corporate bond market is “thin” compared to the market for money market securities or corporate stocks. a) true Prices in the corporate bond market tend to be less volatile than prices of securities sold in markets with greater trading volumes. a) False All other things being equal‚ a given change in the interest rates will have a greater impact on the price of a low-coupon bond than a higher-coupon bond with the same maturity. a) True If investors believe inflation will be increasing in the
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two methods and know the difference. Use Risk Premium of 7.5%. Compare with market value and analysts estimate. Kindly refer excel sheet 2) Why did Iridium fail – Strategic reasons The strategic reasons for the failure of Iridium are the following: All the above strategic reasons contributed significantly towards the failure of Iridium. 3) Why did Iridium Fail – Financial Reasons. Each group should note the advantages and disadvantages of Bank Debt and Senior notes. Advantages of Bank
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Observation on U.S. Treasury Yields Date: Oct 10‚ 2012 Introduction In this paper‚ we establish three regression models on U.S. Treasury yields with two different maturities: three-month and one-year. Model 1 is to interpret the relationship between unemployment rates and the risk-free rates‚ which we choose the three-month T-bill interest rates. Model 2 is to evaluate the movement of short-term interest rates under pure expectation theory and liquidity premium theory as well as to compare
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The percent yield of meso-1‚2-dibromo-1‚2-diphenylethane was calculated to be 66.36% and with a melting point of 235.1°C. Therefore‚ it can be concluded that this experiment was successfully conducted as the percent yield obtained is only 33.64% off from the equilibrium point‚ and because the melting point met the literature value. The percent yield for the product was less than 100%‚ indicating that were experimental errors‚ such as an undesirable side reaction‚ or more likely‚ an incomplete reaction
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