วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏยะลา Journal of Yala Rajabhat University 131 Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Economies: an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach Hussin Abdullah* Muzafar Shah Habibullah** Siong Hook Law** ABSTRACT In this paper‚ we examine the relationship between components of government expenditure and economic growth in ASEAN-5 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach developed by Pesaran‚ Shin‚ and Smith. Bound testing approaches
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EXPENDITURE GROWTH AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1990 – 2010). Introduction In the nineteenth century‚ public expenditure under the influence of the classical economists‚ played a limited role in economic activity. There was neither any sound classification of government expenditure nor any standard laid on which all such expenditures should be based. However‚ in the latter part of the nineteenth century‚ Wagner (1883) observed that there exists a relationship between economic growth and public
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Rapid City is a safe place to live under the topic of air quality. In the perimeters of the Main Street Square‚ many precautions are taken to ensure good air quality. Many signs are posted near the Main Street Square fountain area stating “no smoking.” In addition‚ smoke stacks are located near the parking ramp‚ where there is not a heavy flow of pedestrian traffic. Rapid City is situated at the bottom of the Black Hills in a valley; this location does allow smoke to accumulate if there is a wild
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Why were the Bolsheviks convinced that imposing a state monopoly over the media in the short-term would inevitably lead to media freedom for everyone in the long-term? Introduction The Bolsheviks‚ originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolsheviks were the majority faction in a crucial vote‚ hence their name. They ultimately became the Communist
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www.ccsenet.org/ijef International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 4‚ No. 1; January 2012 Adopting Strategic Management Approach in the Capital Market Development: The Nigerian Case Augustine‚ UJUNWA‚ Ph.D (Corresponding author) Department of Banking and Finance‚ University of Nigeria‚ Enugu Campus Tel: 234-803-501-0116 E-mail: austinesilver@yahoo.com Nwanneka Judith‚ MODEBE Department of Banking and Finance‚ University of Nigeria‚ Enugu Campus Tel: 234-703-066-2470 Received: July 25‚ 2011
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STRENGTHS OF INDIAN ECONOMY – “The Might” During Obama’s Visit to India‚ Mr Barak Obama‚ the most powerful man on the earth‚ made the statement that 21st century is going to be the century Indo-American relationship. In this one line‚ there are many hidden statements and prospective. And‚ the most important of them is recognizing India as an emerging Economic Super Power. India has the potential to become one of the global economic leaders by 2025. There are several aspects which will contribute
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Why is it Important to Vote Why is it important to vote? I can’t vote yet but I wish I could for my country. I will give you some reasons why it is important to vote. My first reason why it is important to vote is with one vote you can change a country and possibly a nation. Support your country with every respect you have to it and make a change by voting. My second reason why it is important to vote is we all have the freedom to vote and to not let other people choose our vote for our country
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Southeast Asian countries like Singapore and Malaysia can be considered as industrialised countries‚ however before Singapore and Malaysia become industrialised countries it was once a subsistence country. The transition from subsistence to industrialised country began from the 20th century‚ after the period of colonialism as well as World War II. Thus it can be said that the factor behind the transition of Southeast Asian countries was colonialism and World War II. After colonialism and World War
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The growth in sea trade between china and European countries The traditional world order of china benefited of the tribute system placing it in the middle of the civilized world. On the other hand‚ to recognize china’s progression‚ permissions were given to different states which allow them to trade with china. China was central world order in 1517 which European vessels came overseas to it to trade. The Chinese observed that the European vessels are just the same as any vessel came from Japan
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Why is there conflict with Iran? 1950-70’s the US supported the ______ or emperor of Iran. He was anti-____________ but he was a harsh ruler to the everyday Iranian. This leads to resentment against the US. 1979 there is the Islamic ______________‚ led by _______________________. Iranian revolutionaries took over _____ American hostages and held them for almost a year and a half. This led to social and political conflict between the US and Iran. Iran used to be a great empire and they wish to
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