Problem: Why do leaves change color in the fall? Background: Leaves contain many pigments such as chlorophyll b‚ xanthophyll‚ and beta carotene besides chlorophyll a. They are part of the photosystem in the thylakoids. Pigment molecules can be separated by a procedure called chromatography. The procedure uses a special paper and solvent. The chlorophyll molecules adhere to the paper. The solvent molecules move up the paper by capillary action. Each chlorophyll molecule will travel up the paper at
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Wavelength on Photosynthesis of Spinach Leaves By replacing the air pockets in spinach leaf disks with a bicarbonate solution and allowing the disks to sit in the solution while being exposed to different light conditions‚ we were able to observe the effects of various light intensities as well as colors on the rate of photosynthesis. As the spinach leaves photosynthesized‚ oxygen pushed out the solution and filled the intercellular spaces‚ decreasing the density of the leaves. This causes the disks to
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Abstract This experiment focused on extracting and separating pigments of Chloroplast. For the procedure green leaves were grinded in a mortar with some chemicals and the fluid was filtrated to use for further analysis. Stripes of this solution were put on a filter paper and later‚ after dried placed into a beacon of solvent. After this the chloroplast pigments were separated by the solvent into groups of more or less soluble pigments. Aim How many pigment types are present in a green leaf? It
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Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves using Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) Abstract The extraction of caffeine (C8H10N402) was done in two parts. The first procedure used was solid-liquid extraction which was done by boiling the tea leaves in 100 ml. distilled water for 5-10 minutes. The filtrate was acquired and was extracted again by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The combined DCM (CH2Cl2) was washed and dried to yield crude caffeine. The crude caffeine was purified
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EXTRACTION OF TRIMYRISTIN FROM NUTMEG: Paul I. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment was to illustrate the extraction of a solid natural product from its natural source by partition with the aid of an organic solvent. Extraction is the process by which a compound or mixtures of‚ is transferred by separation from one phase into another. In this case‚ the major triglyceride contains a single fatty acid identified as myristic acid. It is a substituent
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Effects of Photosynthesis of Spinach Leaves in Different Light Conditions Introduction Photosynthesis is the process of converting solar energy‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ and water (H2O) into carbohydrates (CH2O) and oxygen (O2). Sometimes the end product of photosynthesis is glucose (C6H12O6). Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Here membranous thylakoids are stacked in grana surrounded by the stroma. During the light reactions‚ pigments within the thylakoid membranes
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Alyssa Caparelli Organic Chemistry 12A Professor Alston October 28‚ 2014 Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to isolate ß-carotene‚ chlorophyll-A‚ and chlorophyll-B from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane
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Photosynthesis is "a process in which green plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water....The reverse of this reaction provides energy for plants‚ for animals that eat plants‚ for animals that eat animals that eat plants" for animals that eat animals that eat animals that eat plants‚ etc. (Levine 726) All humans rely on these plants to produce oxygen from photosynthesis. The presence of light and of the green pigment chlorophyll makes the change of carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen
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The overall experiment consisted of three smaller experiments as a result of the different properties chlorophylls possess and the need to test them individually to receive the most accurate results. Preparation for the lab began with selecting a medium to large spinach leaf and deveining it. Once the spinach was prepared‚ it was ground in 5 mL of 100% acetone‚ creating a green acetone extract. The extract was filtered through a funnel with a kimwipe and into a test tube. The volume of the filtered
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Abstract Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a‚ chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility‚ which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it
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