into little impact until 1973. Before this organization‚ the great oil companies of the West ruled the roost. Oil is the lifeblood of the industrialized nations as it is used to fuel planes‚ cars‚ tanks‚ skyscrapers‚ fertilizer‚ drugs and synthetics. Yet back before the days of OPEC‚ the great oil companies often retained 65% or more of the revenue from a product that was produced on someone else’s property. Then in 1960‚ many of the oil producing nations‚ from both the Middle East and elsewhere‚ formed
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During my research on peak oil and energy resources‚ climate change‚ and the capacity of the Earth to support human life‚ I found that there was much information available on the issues (i.e.‚ the relevant science‚ data‚ and facts were already available)‚ but that much of it was not synthesized to make a comprehensive and complete picture (i.e.‚ complete with accurate data and comprehensive analyses). So‚ some of the people who may be aware of peak oil (or climate change) may not fully understand
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isolated from tea leaves. This was done through solid-liquid extraction followed by multiple liquid-liquid extraction. Then crude material obtained was then purified by sublimation. The isolated caffeine was subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) together with a standard caffeine. The Rf value obtained for both isolated caffeine and standard caffeine was 0.24. Keywords: solid-liquid extraction‚ multiple liquid-liquid extraction‚ sublimation‚ thin layer chromatography‚ percent caffeine
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Extraction of caffeine from tea bags ABSTRACT Caffeine extraction from the commercial tea leaves (Lipton Yellow Label Tea) that was done is multiple extraction. 4 tea bags were used in the experiment; tea leaves were weighed having 8.5333 grams. The leaves were boiled in a beaker with 150ml of water; the aqueous tea extract was transferred in a seperatory funnel mixed with DCM (20ml)‚ done thrice. The DCM layer was washed with 20ml 6M NaOH in the seperatory funnel; the organic layer was dried
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The Coastal Plain of the Arctic Refuge is one of America’s last great wilderness areas. It is home to many animals such as polar bears‚ wolves‚ and grizzly bears‚ caribou herds‚ snow geese‚ musk oxen‚ and dozens of other species. If your oil companies keep drilling in the Arctic‚ most of these beautiful creatures will die‚ and some will become extinct. The Coastal Plain is home to these animals. Annually‚ a herd of 129‚000 caribou gather on the Coastal Plain to bear and nurse their young. Polar
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Extra Credit Paper 4/24/2015 The Future of the Oil Supply Throughout our lifetimes there has been one thing among others that our society and our world depends on in our everyday lives‚ oil. Oil is one of the things that help our world function in a way other natural resources haven’t been able to. Oil powers our cars‚ planes‚ trains‚ boats and other vehicles that enabled us to travel around the world in a more efficient and quicker time frame. Oil helps us to run our appliances at homes and at
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Abstract: Caffeine‚ (C8 H10 N4 O2) a white‚ crystalline alkaloid known as a nervous system stimulant found commonly in tea leaves and coffee‚ can be extracted using the method of sublimation with the use of Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) and Sodium Hydroxide; both can repeatedly rinse the green (unroasted) coffee beans from the caffeine. Keywords: Caffeine‚ Methylene Chloride‚ Sodium Hydroxide‚ Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate I. Introduction Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family. Its chemical
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Neroli essential oil is gotten from the flowers of the bitter orange tree‚ which belongs to the citrus family. Neroli oil is extracted through the distillation method. Neroli essential oil gibes off aroma that appears to be a blend of sultry floral with a touch of earthly wood. Bitter orange‚ which serves as the source of neroli essential oil is majorly grown in Eastern Africa‚ Western India and Himalayas. However‚ during the mid-1500s‚ the bitter orange tree was taken to St. Augustine‚ Florida by
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Oil Crisis and its impact The international oil prices have a direct impact on the Indian economy as the country imports 80 percent of its crude requirements. A rise in global oil prices by $ 10 per barrel would reduce India’s economic growth by 0.2 percentage points and also affect the country’s current account deficit. India imports three quarters of its annual oil and gas requirements‚ with the Middle East and North Africa regions contributing to a substantial chunk of it. India’s import bills
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States is sitting on enough recoverable oil to power us for the next 250 years at our current usage rate... The United States is estimated to have 1.4 trillion barrels of oil—or 1.7 trillion‚ if the resources of Canada and Mexico are counted. There aren’t many options for quick relief from high prices at the pump‚ but it is very obvious the sooner we free ourselves from the shackles of oil dependence – foreign and domestic – the sooner we will be free of oil industry profiteering and political pandering
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