Extraction Separation of a Carboxylic Acid‚ a Phenol‚ and a Neutral Substance Purpose The objective of the experiment is to identify the three substances in the mixture and to determine the percent recovery of each from the mixture. The unknown will consist of either benzoic acid or 2-chlorobenzoic acid‚ 4-t-butyl phenol. Determine the weight of crystals and also the percent yield Introduction There are various techniques of extractions‚ solid/liquid extraction‚ which
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STEAM TURBINES A steam turbine is a prime mover which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. In a conventional steam turbines cycle‚ water is used as the working fluid. The water is heated in a boiler by burning fuel. It evaporates into steam which is expanded in a turbine where mechanical power is generated. The steam generated is of high temperature and high pressure. The temperature is often in the 450 to 540 degrees centigrade range. The pressure ranges between 60 and 120 bar. The
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Distillation Introduction: The recrystallization technique you learned last lab is a method for purifying solids. This week we will learn how to perform a distillation‚ a method for purifying liquids. Distillation is a common wet-chemical technique for separating organic compounds based on differences in boiling points. Upon heating a mixture of organic compounds‚ the more volatile compounds (those with the lowest boiling point) will vaporize first (i.e. be converted to gases)‚ leaving the higher-boiling
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known as a nervous system stimulant found commonly in tea leaves and coffee‚ can be extracted using the method of sublimation with the use of Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) and Sodium Hydroxide; both can repeatedly rinse the green (unroasted) coffee beans from the caffeine. Keywords: Caffeine‚ Methylene Chloride‚ Sodium Hydroxide‚ Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate I. Introduction Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family. Its chemical formula is C8H10N4O2 and its systematic name is 1‚3‚7-trimethylxanthine
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SUMMARY The aim is to observe distillation process of ethanol-water solution and to measure the alcohol content after process in this experiment. 500 ml of solution with an alcohol content of 32% (v/v) is used for this experiment. Temperature values are recorded for every 10 ml alcohol obtained in the flask. The process is repeated in our experiment and for the first process‚ the data collection process continues until the distillate reaches to 200 ml. The concentration of alcohol is measured for
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Extraction of caffeine from tea bags ABSTRACT Caffeine extraction from the commercial tea leaves (Lipton Yellow Label Tea) that was done is multiple extraction. 4 tea bags were used in the experiment; tea leaves were weighed having 8.5333 grams. The leaves were boiled in a beaker with 150ml of water; the aqueous tea extract was transferred in a seperatory funnel mixed with DCM (20ml)‚ done thrice. The DCM layer was washed with 20ml 6M NaOH in the seperatory funnel; the organic layer was dried
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Extraction of caffeine from Lipton tea leaves Maria Gianna Beatrice L. Cancio*‚ Joe Mari Isabella B. Caringal‚ Rowena A. Chiang‚ Patricia Deanne del Valle Department of Biological Sciences‚ College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ España‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract Caffeine was extracted from Lipton tea leaves by multiple extraction techniques namely solid to liquid extraction and liquid to liquid extraction; the purification by sublimation and melting point determination. Three
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EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA LEAVES ABSTRACT Caffeine extraction from the commercial tea leaves (Lipton Yellow Label Tea) that was done is multiple extraction. 4 tea bags were used in the experiment; tea leaves were weighed having 8.5333 grams. The leaves were boiled in a beaker with 150ml of water; the aqueous tea extract was transferred in a seperatory funnel mixed with DCM (20ml)‚ done thrice. The DCM layer was washed with 20ml 6M NaOH in the seperatory funnel; the organic layer
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Speech Good morning Today we will tell u about the transportation of water and minerals in plants. The plants absorb water and minerals from the ground through roots. These nutrients are transported to various parts of the plant like stem‚ leaves and flowers. The phenomenon of upward movement of water and minerals is called ascent of sap. Only a small quantity of water is used up in metabolic process and growth of the plant. The plants require water and mineral salts for making food by process
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Steam Turbines The invention of the water turbine was so successful that eventually‚ the idea came about for extracting power from steam. Steam has one great advantage over water-it expands in volume with tremendous velocity. To be the most effective‚ a steam turbine must run at a very high speed. No wheel made can revolve at any speed approaching the velocity that a steam turbine can. By utilizing the kinetic energy of steam flow‚ the turbine could achieve a higher efficiency. As a result
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