sample or 20g of fresh sample in an erlenmeyer flask covered with a funnel. To this‚ add 100ml of 80% ethyl alcohol. Place the flask over a hot water bath and reflux for an hour. If exhaustive extraction is desired‚ boil the sample for ten minutes only‚ macerate in an olender and then continue alcohol extraction for an hour. Pour the mixture while hot through a Bunhmer funnel line with filter paper and fitted to a suction flask. Rinse the flask and plant material with fresh portions of 80% ethanol.
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immediately in vacuo. The residue is treated with 200 ml of an 8% aqueous solution of KOH and the mixture heated on a steam bath for one hour. A stream of nitrogen gas is passed through the flask during heating and the evolved NH3 gas may be titrated is HCl to follow the reaction. The alkaline solution is made neutral to congo red with tartaric acid‚ filtered‚ cleaned by extraction with ether‚ the aqueous solution filtered and evaporated. Digest with MeOH to remove some of the coloured material from
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food industry 10. Ways of PL energy consumption reduction 11. Flow chart of sugar factory + terminology 12. Beet reception and storage 13. Beet cleaning‚ washing and slicing 14. Juice extraction and pulp pressing 15. Lime-kiln and lime slaker 16. Juice clarification 17. Juice evaporator and steam/vapour/condensate system 18. Boiling plant (crystallisation) for raw sugar production 19. Thermal power station 20. Sugar final treatment 21. Water treatment system 22. Condensation station
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generating electricity. In this field‚ they are similar as electrical energy is generated in a similar concept. Heat from the Earth’s crust and heat produced during the burning of coals are both used to boil water which converts water into the form of steam to turn the turbine and then generate a large amount of electricity. In my opinion‚ geothermal energy is a much better source of energy as compared to coal powered energy. Both sources of energy have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although
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TOPIC 2 Metals The History of Metals * Uses of metals through history: * Copper Age (3200-2300 BCE) – copper and tin were most common metals‚ and were used for ornaments‚ weapons and tools. * Bronze Age (2300-700 BCE) – copper‚ tin and bronze were used for tools‚ weapons and transport. They produced bronze by heating copper and tin with charcoal. * Iron Age (1000 BCE – 1 CE) – iron steel and lead was used for tools‚ weapons and pipes. Iron is much harder than bronze.
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Abstract: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize triphenylmethanol from benzophenone and bromobenzene by the formation of a Grignard compound with the reagents bromobenzene and magnesium metal. The bromobenzene was first transformed into the Grignard compound and was then reacted with the benzophenone to make the final product. The mixture was then mixed with sulfuric acid and the organic layer was extracted via a separatory funnel. The mixture was then recrystallized from methanol and was allowed
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"NATURAL PRESERVATIVES" Anthony C. Dweck Research Director‚ Peter Black Medicare Ltd.‚ White Horse Business Park‚ Aintree Avenue‚ Trowbridge‚ Wiltshire‚ UK. BA14 0XB SUMMARY This paper looks at the theoretical development of a natural preservative system using the author’s data base on medicinal plants as a source of references. The legal aspects of this concept are considered. The traditional methods of preservation‚ many taken from the food industry are summarised. The use of alcohol‚ glycerine
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But then the steam powers a turbine which is able to spins a huge magnet inside a copper wire and the heat gives energy converts to a mechanical energy which is converted to electrical energy in to the generator. Then electricity flows from the power plant through wires
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STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) REPORT AT DANGOTE SUGAR REFINERY PLC SHED 20‚ APAPA –WHARF‚ APAPA LAGOS BY ADENIYAN OLUWASEYI ADEDEJI 070406007 PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS JUNE - NOVEMBER 2010 CERTIFICATION This is
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is called Fisher esterification‚ whereby esters are produced by the esterification of a Carboxylic acid where it is heated with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid which acts as a catalyst. The ester produced had a banana flavor. The extraction of the crude product was conducted using sodium bicarbonate followed by distillation. The resulting product obtained was 4.491g of Isopentyl Acetate‚ indicating a 70.02 percent yield. Based on the IR data‚ it was verified that the end products
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