History of Bread Grown in Mesopotamia and Egypt‚ wheat was likely first merely chewed. Later it was discovered that it could be pulverized and made into a paste. Set over a fire‚ the paste hardened into a flat bread that kept for several days. It did not take much of a leap to discover leavened (raised) bread when yeast was accidentally introduced to the paste. Instead of waiting for fortuitous circumstances to leaven their bread‚ people found that they could save a piece of dough from a batch
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Intro: For centuries up until the present day‚ plants have given us so many things to our society. They can be used as food to give energy or to give cure for some illnesses. It has so many uses which is important for our daily living. The Origanum vulgare‚ also known for its common name Oregano (sometimes called ‘wild marjoram’) is a perennial herb that has been used since Ancient times by the Greeks due to its beneficial effects and prescribed it for a variety of ailments. Two of its major uses
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Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane from 1-Butanol Reference: Discovering Organic Chemistry in the Laboratory; John R. Ganson Ph. D‚ Revised 2011 by Alfredo Mellace Ph. D www.Aldrich.com Purpose: To synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol via SN2 reaction. Alcohols are converted into the alkyl halides adding an aqueous solution sodium bromide. The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in converting the OH functional group of butanol‚ to a better leaving group. In order for this reaction to synthesis 1-Bromobutane
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Abstract The objective of this experiment was to observe multi-step purification of benzoic acid after performing the extraction from a mixture containing benzoic acid‚ cellulose‚ and methyl orange. Recrystallization was done to remove impurities from the sample. The amount of BA recovered during recrystallization is much less than the extracted amount of BA. The difference between the pure and impure samples was observed by comparison of melting points. It was found that impure samples will have
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Sunlight Flakes Product Life Cycle Introduction 1890s- Lever brothers‚ although already selling nearly 40 000 tons of Sunlight soap a year and starts expanding into Europe‚ America and the British colonies with factories‚ export businesses and plantations; still wasn’t contented of the product they have that time. External factors such as marketplace trends (customer wants and expectations) made them realize that there’s still some room for improvement for their product. Up to the end of the 19th
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Fuentes Jr.‚ Razelle Angela B. Camitan‚ Honey Jane T. Dela Cruz ABSTRACT The project aims to test the feasibility of extracts from the adelfa plant as pesticide. The leaves were cut from the stem and then subjected to steam bath. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction; methanol was used as solvent. The extract was then distilled‚ and diluted into 4 containers to obtain concentrations of 100%‚ 75%‚ 50% and 25%. There were 6 set-ups‚ each with 10 cockroaches‚ one positive control set-up
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The Extraction of Bio-ethanol from Apple (Malus domesticus) and Banana (Musa accuminata Colla) Peelings through the Process of Fermentation and Distillation Abstract Apple (Malus domesticus) and banana (Musa accuminata Colla) peelings are common household waste products. This study sought to extract bioethanol from these two peelings and to compare which sample can produce more bioethanol. About 400 grams of apple and banana peeling was obtained from the 1 kilogram bought from the supermarket
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costly to extract the iron from oxide minerals like hematite (Fe2O3)‚ magnetite (Fe3O4)‚ or limonite [Fe(OH)]. Although iron also occurs in olivines‚ pyroxenes‚ amphiboles‚ and biotite‚ the concentration of iron in these minerals is less‚ and cost of extraction is increased because strong bonds between iron‚ silicon‚ and oxygen must be broken. * Aluminum is the third most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust. It occurs in the most common minerals of the
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Future large scale commercial activities in space will require raw materials obtained from in-space sources rather than from Earth‚ to overcome the high cost of Earth launch. This paper reviews the prospectiveness of non-terrestrial resources and notes the competitiveness of Near-Earth-Asteroids c.f. the Moon and Phobos or Deimos in terms of accessibility and likely resources. Astronomical work over the last fifteen years has increased the number of known Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) from about 30
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A review of Guava (Psidium guajava) Anthony C. Dweck FLS FRSC FRSH Dweck Data Introduction In the next of our series on Far Eastern plant we look at Guava or Psidium guajava In folk medicine‚ extracts of roots‚ bark‚ and leaves are used to treat gastroenteritis‚ vomiting‚ diarrhoea‚ dysentery‚ wounds‚ ulcers‚ toothache‚ coughs‚ sore throat‚ inflamed gums‚ and a number of other conditions (Morton 1987). This plant seemed worthy of an in depth review. Family: Myrtaceae Common names: Common
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