sample data. Variable (mathematics)‚ a symbol that represents a quantity in a mathematical expression‚ as used in many sciences Qualitative Variables or Categorical Variable Also known as categorical variables‚ qualitative variables are variables with no natural sense of ordering. They are therefore measured on a nominal scale. For instance‚ hair colour (Black‚ Brown‚ Gray‚ Red‚ and Yellow) is a qualitative variable‚ as is name (Adam‚ Becky‚ Christina‚ Dave . . .). Qualitative variables can be coded
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Chapter 12 Fundamentals of Management Control Systems Solutions to Review Questions Accounting assigns costs and revenues to “responsibility centers” that correspond to the decision authority of managers. This allows the firm to measure performance based on the results of decisions by the manager. An effective corporate cost allocation system separates the results of decisions by corporate managers from those of business unit managers. Although there are well-developed standards for many
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whether a cost changes when the level of output changes. The cost can vary proportionately with the changes in the level of activity or unaffected by changes in the level of activity. Costs can be variable‚ fixed‚ or mixed. A cost that does not change in total as output changes is a fixed cost. A variable cost‚ on the other hand‚ increases in total with an increase in output and decreases in total with a decrease in output. Understanding how costs behave in a particular situation is crucial for the
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Unit (pounds) | 200000 | 225000 | 225000 | 0 | Revenue | 1600000 | 1800000 | 1777500 | 22500 U | Direct Material | 290000 | 326250 | 432500 | -106250 U | Direct Labor | 168000 | 189000 | 174000 | 15000 F | Variable Overhead | 324000 | 364500 | 375000 | -10500 U | Total Variable Costs | 782000 | 879750 | 981500 | -101750 U | Contribution Margin | 818000 | 920250 | 796000 | 124250 U | CALCULATION Revenue = 225000 X 8.00 per pound = 1800000 Direct material (quantity)
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cost however‚ if there is no idle or spare capacity in Cushion Division the market price minus the corresponding variable selling expense would be the minimum transfer price for the Cushion Division. Any price above that is acceptable for Cushion Division. Hence‚ Johnson’s idea of selling at the market price would be incorrect. If there is spare capacity in the Cushion Division‚ a variable cost as the transfer price is acceptable. Therefore‚ Johnson’s belief would be incorrect because using the market
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Appendix 2. a) Parking‚ Concession‚ Merchandise cost includes both fixed and variable costs. Variable Costs = | 10% * Revenue | | | Fixed Costs = | Total expense - | Variable Cost | | | | | | Costs | Variable | Fixed | Total Cost | Parking expense | 19‚767 * 10% = | 4‚448 - 1‚976.70 = | | | $ 1‚976.70 | $ 2‚471.30 | $ 4‚448.00 | Concession expense | 79‚273* 10% = | 43‚356 - 7‚927.30 = | | | $
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Depreciation - Research and development - Marketing costs (non- revenue related) - Administration costs 3. Variable Unit Cost: Costs that vary directly with the production of one additional unit. Total Variable Cost The product of expected unit sales and variable unit cost‚ i.e.‚ expected unit sales times the variable unit cost. Variable Costs: Variable costs are those costs which vary directly with the level of output. They represent payment output-related inputs such as
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fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are those costs which remain constant at all levels of production within a given period of time. In other words‚ a cost that does not change in total but become. Progressively smaller per unit when the volume of production increases is known as fixed cost. it is also called period cost eg. Rent‚ Salary‚ Insurance charges etc. On the other hand variable cost is that cost which varies in accordance with the volume of output. To put it in another way‚ variable costs
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the chi-square distribution because the sum of the squares of independent normal random variables with mean zero and standard deviation one has a chi-square distribution. This section collects some basic properties of chi-square random variables‚ all of which are well known; see Hogg and Tanis [6]. A random variable X has a chi-square distribution with n degrees of freedom if it is a gamma random variable with parameters m = n/2 and = 2‚ i.e X ~ (n/2‚2). Therefore‚ its probability density
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assignment‚ the key elements of the break-even analysis will be discussed. The key elements of break-even analysis are fixed cost‚ variable cost‚ total revenue‚ break-even point and margin of safety. Although break-even analysis is very useful‚ it has disadvantages. Break-even analysis is based on the production cost of the company which includes the fixed cost and variable cost. Then the total cost of the production is compared with the total sales revenue to find out the breakeven point. The break
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