The Effect of SOX Section 404: Costs‚ Earnings Quality‚ and Stock Prices Introduction The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Responsible for the application of the law THE SARBANES–OXLEY ACT (SOX) was passed in 2002 after a string of high profile corporate scandals. The law’s main goal was to improve the quality of financial reporting and to increase investor confidence‚ which requires companies to put in place and periodically test procedures that monitor the internal systems ensuring accurate
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1. What is earnings management? The companies use earnings management as a strategy by which they can easily control and manipulate their earnings to reach their pre-determined earning target. 2. Why do companies employ earnings management techniques? Accountants cannot predict every business structure‚ every new and innovative transaction. Therefore‚ they build up principles that allow for flexibility so that they can adapt to changing circumstances. However‚ people make use of that flexibility
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Factors that Affect the Time Value of Money Time value of money is the concept that an amount of money in one ’s possession is worth more than that same amount of money promised in the future (Garrison‚ 2006). The reason for this is that money today can be invested to earn interest and therefore will be worth more in the future (Brealey‚ Myers‚ & Marcus‚ 2004). This paper will explain how annuities affect time value of money (TVM) problems and investment outcomes. In addition‚ this paper will briefly
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Earnings Management and Its Implications Educating the Accounting Profession By Michael D. Akers‚ Don E. Giacomino‚ and Jodi L. Bellovary August 2007 Issue AUGUST 2007 - In the wake of continuing‚ highly publicized E-mail Story financial frauds and failures‚ the accounting profession has placed renewed emphasis on issues related to earnings Print Story management and earnings quality. The SEC and the public are demanding greater assurance about the quality of earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin
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Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Study Foreign Literature A. Lacking of Confidence Accodring to Coopersmith (1967) ‚ “self-sonfidence is a personal judgement of worthiness that is experessed in the attitudes that individuals hold towards themselves. It is a subjective experience which the individual conveys to others by verbal reports and other overt expressive behavior.” B. Adjusting to a New Environment According to Charles Sturt University (CSU)‚ Studying in another
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Factors That Affect Life Insurance Industry Solvency BY Gilbert Chan 1030200020 Finance Terry Lu 1030200075 Finance A Business Project Submitted to the Division of Business and Management in Partial Fulfilment of the Graduation Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Honours) Beijing Normal University – Hong Kong Baptist University United International College April 2014 Acknowledgment First and foremost‚ my deepest gratitude goes to our supervisor
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what would you propose as the most important factors that influence enrollment growth? Based on my experiences in working with private‚ Christian and independent schools throughout the country‚ I believe that there are multiple factors that contribute to enrollment growth and decline at a school. Let me highlight some of these factors for you: Leadership – The vision‚ drive and personality of the leadership (primarily the head of school) will affect the enrollment. In a previous blog post I discuss
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ways that traffic jams affect the quality of life. The most important ones are linked to health. Stress shortens life and one of the most common links to stress is commuting in a congested area. Alternatives are searching for homes and jobs in less congested areas‚ looking for alternative routes to places that you want to go‚ public transportation (let someone else have the stress)‚ finding jobs where there are facilities for highoccupancy vehicles. A decrease in air quality occurs in locations
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a commonly used measure to calculate the overall mortality rate of a given population. “Life expectancy refers to the number of years a person is expected to live based on the statistical average” (Mandal‚ 2014) . Quality of life includes several variables such as
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What Are the Environmental Factors That Affect Health Health is affected by a combination of factors. The condition and environment is an important consideration when determining health. Other than the more commonly considered factors such as healthcare access‚ factors that have large impacts on the health of a population include the living conditions‚ genetics‚ level of education and the state of the environment. Thus‚ the World Health Organization has defined the determinants of health‚ which are
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