Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal∗ This paper examines the relative importance of many factors in the capital structure decisions of publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2003. The most reliable factors for explaining market leverage are: median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book assets ratio (−)‚ tangibility (+)‚ profits (−)‚ log of assets (+)‚ and expected inflation (+). In addition‚ we find
Premium Debt Corporate finance Balance sheet
The Purchasing Power Parity Puzzle Kenneth Rogoff Journal of Economic Literature‚ Vol. 34‚ No. 2. (Jun.‚ 1996)‚ pp. 647-668. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199606%2934%3A2%3C647%3ATPPPP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S Journal of Economic Literature is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of
Premium Inflation Purchasing power parity Foreign exchange market
A Study of Consumers Behaviour towards Purchasing Decision of Car Mrs. Apurva Jain Assistant Professor‚ Department of Management‚ (MBA Programme)‚ Shrimad Rajchandra Institute of Management & Computer Application‚ Uka Tarsadia University‚ Bardoli apurva.jain@utu.ac.in 94277337227 Abstract: Consumer behavior represents the study of individuals and the activities that take place to satisfy their realized needs. That satisfaction comes from
Premium Marketing Cognition
QUESTION In no more than 2‚500 words‚ using a structured essay format‚ explain how the need for firms to recognize supply chain management as a philosophy and a source of competitive advantage has led to significant changes in the purchasing role amongst public and private sector organisations. INTRODUCTION One of the fundamental questions facing modern organisations is how to achieve and sustain competitive advantage (Rumelt et al 1994) within an increasingly fast moving environment. Supply
Premium Supply chain management Management Lean manufacturing
Proprietor. Preferred Occupation ABSTRACT Student learning is influenced by many factors which educational research is tasked to determine and feed into the teaching-learning process to enhance its effectiveness. Several studies with different populations have determined that that to which a learner attributes his or her performance significantly influences such performance. To determine some of the factors that significantly impact upon students’ causal attribution of their performance on
Premium Attribution theory Education Secondary school
Unit 8 (m2) Outline how factors can influence the development of individual’s self concept. I am going to outline how factors can influence the development of individual’s self-concept‚ firstly‚ I will to define what is self-concept. Self-concept self concept is about the way we view ourselves. There are two sides of our self concept and these include: our self-esteem‚ which is how we feel about out selves that is the the worth and value that you as a person attribute to yourself‚ and
Premium Conceptions of self Self-esteem Self-concept
Consumer behavior: Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals‚ groups‚ or organizations and processes they use to select‚ secure‚ and dispose of products‚ services‚ experiences‚ or ideas to satisfy needs and impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. It blends elements from psychology‚ sociology‚ social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers‚ both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers
Premium Research Scientific method Marketing
Physical and Social Factors that Influences Growth and Development Development is often divided into specific domains‚ such as gross motor‚ fine motor‚ language‚ cognition‚ and social/emotional growth. These designations are useful‚ but substantial overlap exists. Studies have established average ages at which specific milestones are reached‚ as well as ranges of normality. In a normal child‚ progress within the different domains varies‚ as in the toddler who walks late but speaks in sentences early
Premium Psychology
Discuss how societal factors influence divorce in America‚ based on research. Can you identify additional factors that you think lead to divorce? Societal factors affect marriages and influence divorce in America in many ways. Divorce is legal separations of duties and responsibilities of marriage between couples. Divorce has many types to suit each situation some types are contested divorce‚ At-fault divorce‚ and No-fault divorce. Divorce and many it’s many forms affect the children some way or
Premium Divorce Marriage
Objectives 6 Scope 6 Methodology 6 Primary Sources 6 Secondary Sources 7 Limitations 7 Target Market 7 Cultural Factors 7 Gender Factors 7 Consumers Perception 8 Exposure: Deliberate 8 Attention: Low Involvement 8 Interpretation: Cognitive 8 Memory: Schematic 8 Short Term memory 8 Positive Perception 9 Negative Perception 9 Learning 9 Group Influence 10 How branding helps on buying behavior 10 Branding of ACI pure salt 10 Branding of Necessity Products 10 Positioning
Premium Brand Branding Brand management