also adopted the literalist/legalistic approach through the Engineers’ Case . In creating the Constitution‚ the government has set out the law through framing the Constitution in words‚ and the words of the Constitution are binding . The Court’s duty when there is a binding text is to interpret the meaning of the wordas by giving the literal words legal meanings because they are not at liberty to re-construct a textually binding Act‚ especially the Constitution .The failing of the literalist/legalist
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leverage. In contrast‚ Dell’s debt to equity ratio is much higher than HP’s debt to equity ratio. This means HP’s returns to investor are more solid than Dell. P/E ratio (weakness) The stock market is pessimistic about Dell’s future earning ability. This is due to the recession in 2008. Dell’s major business is selling computer and accessories‚ in the recession consumer tends to spend money on life essential goods such as food and gasoline. Dell’s P/E ratio is ranged from 70.7 in 1999 and gradually
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Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Efficiency Ratios Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales Revenue/ (Fixed Assets + Current Assets) Profitability Ratios Net Profit Margin = (Net Profit x 100) /Sales Revenue Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit (Operating Profit) x 100 (ROCE) Capital Employed Solvency Ratios Gearing Ratio = Total Liabilities/Shareholders Equity Investment Ratios Earnings per Share
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PEPSICO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND ANALYSISCash flow statement | | | | | | Year ended 31 december | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | | | | | | | Operating Activities | | | | | | Net Income | 6‚214 | 6‚462 | 6‚338 | 5‚979 | 5‚166 | Depreciation and amortization | 2‚689 | 2‚737 | 2‚327 | 1‚635 | 1‚543 | Stock-based compensation expenses | 278 | 326 | 299 | 227 | 238 | Restructuring and impairement charges | 16 | 383 | 0 | 36 | 543 | Cash payments for restructuring charges
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What Should You Consider When Buying a Data Logger? What do you know about the Data Logger? Well‚ experts in the industrial world know about this device from A to Z. This compact‚ yet useful device has changed the way we used to monitor critical parameters such as humidity and temperature. Most loggers just will fit in your palm (so compact.) Anyway‚ inside a Data Logger; there are several parts that store and transfer the data to your laptop or the smartphone. OK‚ you are a first-time Data Logger
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Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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The Boeing Company operates in the industry of aerospace and defense. The largest aerospace company‚ Boeing is the #2 maker of large commercial jets (behind rival Airbus) and the #2 defense contractor behind Lockheed Martin. The aerospace and defense industry did suffer the effects of a post-9/11 society. Because of the weakened and fearful tourism market‚ spending on commercial aircraft did decrease. But recently‚ revenues have improved considerably as travelers are becoming more comfortable with
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services equally for everyone there is a need for community interpreters. This assignment discusses upon community interpreting. It will provide answers to these questions: who is a community interpreter what is his role where is he working who is he working with what skills and knowledge he needs to have different ways of interpreting code of conduct – what is it and why is it needed when he should decline an assignment what not to do Who is a community interpreter? A community interpreter
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Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is basically used to understanding the financial health of a business entity. With the help of ratios we can easily calculate from current year performance of the companies and are then compared to previous years. Ratio analysis conducts a quantitative analysis of information in a company’s financial statements. These Ratios are most commonly used in banking sector can be divided into five main categories Liquidity Ratios Leverage Ratios Profitability Ratios Activity
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Ratio Analysis Memo July 9‚ 2012 Memo To: From: Date: July 9‚ 2012 RE: Kudler Fine Foods ratio analysis One of the things that we will be going over is some of the ratios for Kudler Fine Foods through Liquidity‚ Profitability‚ and solvency ratios. We will look into some of the finding that were found through these ratios and discuss them. One of the things that we found was where Kudler Fine Foods’ position is with these ratios. The first area that we look at is profitability
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