THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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Cost structures Starbucks How Starbucks minimizes the impact of coffee prices I believe there are two explanations for the "irrelevance" of coffee prices. 1. Purchase contracts 2. Hedging Purchase contracts Starbucks buys most of its co ffee from suppliers through fixed-price commitments. This means that it won’t feel the effect of short-term fluctuations in coffee prices‚ as the price and quantity are fixed. I estimate that these commitments typically last around a year. Hedging
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Costs and budgets The management of costs is a very important aspect of managing financial resources. If costs are not managed effectively‚ it can lead to profits being damaged and the business potentially unable today its expense. Keeping within a budget‚ increasing income in order to cope with change and making sure that working capital is available and money and set aside for emergencies is all part of the balancing exercise. Costs managed to budget McDonald’s budget was adverse as there
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Cost Per Output and Cost Per Outcome Response Cost per outcome is the total cost of all units of service. Very simply‚ if you don’t know what it costs to achieve a certain output/outcome‚ you can’t know how much to charge for your services. A budget systems model is the foundation from which budgeting systems can be used to evaluate the success of an agency or company. Human Service Agencies receive pay based on how many people are helped‚ taking into account the cost of providing the services
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Analysis of Costs Costs affect input choices‚ investment decisions‚ and even the decision of whether to stay in business. A. Economics analysis of costs 1. Total cost: fixed and variable (1) Total cost represents the lowest total dollar expense needed to produce each level of output q. TC rises as q rises. (2) Fixed cost represents the total dollar expense that is paid out even when no output is produced. FC is unaffected by any variation in the quantity of output. (3) Variable cost represents
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Cost Allocation University of Phoenix Accounting in Healthcare ACC561 December 12‚ 2010 Cost Allocation Transfer Pricing [pic] [pic] Transfer pricing is a value attached to the output of a department to measure the value of the trade with other departments within the organization. Transfer prices will not affect the organization’s profit results. This contributes directly to the process of departmental performance measurement and indirectly to the measurement of a product
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Cost Control: Definitions and Methods Alejandro Madotta Accounting Supervisor II at Apache Corporation The cost of making a particular product or delivering a particular service is calculated by the finance and accounting department‚ with the help of a technique that is termed as Cost Accounting. The principle of cost accounting is very simple. The total cost of manufacturing a set or lot of goods or services is added up together and divided by the number of unites that have been produced‚
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Cost Accounting Chapter Module-1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting Definition Cost: - Generally cost refers to all expenses incurred in producing a product or rendering service. But‚ from the cost accounting point of view “Cost is a normal sacrifice of resources in the creation of product or services”. Costing: - Costing is defined as “the technique and process of ascertaining cost of a given thing”. According to CIMA it is defined as “the establishment of budgets‚ standard‚ costs and
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machine hours and outgoing shipments‚ which are the activities’ three respective cost drivers‚ follow: Luxury Exclusive Setups 50 30 Machine hours 16‚000 22‚500 Outgoing shipments 100 75 The firm’s total overhead of $3‚080‚000 is subdivided as follows: manufacturing setups‚ $672‚000; machine processing‚ $1‚848‚000; and product shipping‚ $560‚000. REQUIRED: a) Calculate the unit manufacturing cost of Luxury and Exclusive electric sleeping bags by using the company’s current overhead
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STANDARD COSTS Setting a budget is never easy as it involves predicting the future and therefore uncertainty. The process is not about getting the budget absolutely right; it is about not getting it too wrong. This budget process may be applied to most revenue budgets that deal with income and costs‚ but there is also a requirement to produce a capital budget that covers the purchase‚ sale and replacement of fixed assets. There is normally an investment limit dictated by funding availability and
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