Foundation ONLINE NOTES LOGICAL FALLACIES Logical fallacy: An argument that contains a mistake in reasoning. 2 major groups: 1. Fallacies of relevance 2. Fallacies of insufficient evidence Fallacies of Relevance Mistakes in reasoning that occur because the premises are logically irrelevant to the conclusions. 1. Personal Attack 2. Attacking the motive 3. Look Who’s Talking (Tu Quoque) 4. Two Wrongs Make a Right 5. Scare Tactics 6. Appeal to Pity 7. Bandwagon Argument 8. Straw Man
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Logical fallacies are common errors found in an argument that are used to undermine reasoning based on logic. Its main purpose is to dupe readers into believing that the use of seemingly‚ factual information can be taken as correct information. This week’s reading provides many examples of logical fallacies including: equivocation‚ non-sequitur and a red herring. Equivocation is using half-truths to claim that your logic is correct. The use of vocabulary is essential in equivocation because those
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Argument from authority The basic structure of such arguments is as follows: Professor X believes A‚ Professor X speaks from authority‚ therefore A is true. Often this argument is implied by emphasizing the many years of experience‚ or the formal degrees held by the individual making a specific claim. The converse of this argument is sometimes used‚ that someone does not possess authority‚ and therefore their claims must be false. (This may also be considered an ad-hominen logical fallacy – see below
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Socrates commits the Socratic fallacy when he refuses Euthyphro’s first definition of piety. Socrates rejects the definition given because it does not give a formal definition of what piety is‚ but instead offers examples of things and actions that are pious. Geach believes that this is a substantial fallacy committed by Socrates‚ one that may prevent him from getting at the truth of the matter. I will first expand on Geach’s Socratic fallacy‚ as well as explain why this fallacy presents itself as a problem
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Associate Level Material Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following sets of questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? According to Dictionary (2013)‚ assumptions means something we taken for granted‚ a supposition‚ the act of taking for granted or supposing or the act of taking to or upon oneself. We assume what we
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Weber’s Typology of Authority Max Weber‚ who is also know as one of the principal architect of modern social science‚ also has the distinct honor of being one of the foremost social theorist in the 20th century (Kim‚ 2007). Weber argued that all oppressive structures and all uses of power must exist within a legitimated order which is based on a complex mixture of two kinds of legitimating factors: subjective and objective (Allan‚ 2005‚ p. 151). Underlying the subjective and objective legitimacy
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The three most common fallacies that I accept are the fallacies of shoulds‚ perfection‚ and overgeneralization. These fallacies can cause me harm because they can hurt my self esteem and create negative self fulfilling prophecies. The fallacy of shoulds is “The inability to distinguish between what is and what should be” (Adler and Proctor 140) I often subscribe to the fallacy of shoulds. I think that I should be taller because my entire family is over six feet so I should be as well. I think that
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Pathetic Fallacy Definition Pathetic fallacy is a literary device that attributes human qualities and emotions to inanimate objects of nature. The word “pathetic” in the term is not used in the derogatory sense of being miserable; rather‚ here‚ it stands for “imparting emotions to something else”. Difference between Pathetic Fallacy and Personification Generally‚ Pathetic fallacy is confused with personification. The fact is that they differ in their objects of nature for example referring to weather
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Logical fallacies are everywhere and are committed by everyone. These fallacies are committed by even people you trust such as politicians‚ doctors‚ and even teachers. In the logical fallacy below‚ the billboard is trying to convince the reader that any atheist is also trying to bring America into another civil war. The first logical fallacy committed by Rev. Briggs‚ the person promoting this advertisement‚ is “attacking the person.” Attacking the person means that a person’s character‚ not
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filled with fallacies misleading the reader in the path the writer wants you to think. A fallacy is a mistaken belief‚ especially one based on unsound arguments. A big topic right now is Equality for men in abusive situations. Park Rapids Enterprise posted a letter to the editor‚ written by Carol Nunn on this topic. This letter was written about any specific article but she speaks on how she feels on Men’s rights. She did do a very good job of getting her point out but‚ a few fallacies were noticed
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