A Lie is a Lie A lie is to deliver a false statement towards someone who does not know the truth. A white lie is defined as a well-intentioned false statement. These are commonly used in good faith toward a person‚ to keep them from knowing something that might hurt them. They are used daily on everyone from small children to elders in retirement homes. It does not affect a person’s emotions or someone’s way of thinking. Because there is no limit to small lies‚ it can lie can be small‚ drastic
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Gettier completely shatters the analysis of knowledge held for hundreds of years by epistemologists through counterexamples displaying that a belief can be true and justified‚ but not constitute as knowledge. Michael Clark attempts to fix these problems presented by Gettier by adding another condition‚ in which a proposition would not only have to be a belief that’s true and justified‚ but also be fully grounded. In what follows‚ I will argue that Michael Clark’s analysis does not assist in solving
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thoughts could be false on the basis that he has had many false beliefs before and could possibly have formed more false beliefs with a fabricated base‚ and that in order to have stable sciences we must be free from doubt. In order to start afresh Descartes must demolish his any thought for which he could have doubt‚ leaving nothing but one simple truth. John Hospers makes an argument against this skepticism with the foundation that we must find some way to reasonably evaluate true from false. Descartes
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The misfortunes of human beings have their main source in evil passions rather than in ideas or beliefs. People in the past enjoyed the spectacles of cruelty such as the burning of heretics‚ and many people even today find the brutalities of war to be enjoyable. Men’s cruel impulses can do tremendous harm to them. The Harm Done by Christian Asceticism and by Political Asceticism As for ideas and beliefs‚ much harm has been done by religious superstitions. Even Christian saints‚ who practised asceticism
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falsehoods are not essential. This view is incompatible with a view of knowledge advanced by Ted Warfield (2005). According to Warfield‚ there are cases of knowledge from falsehood‚ according to which one may acquire inferential knowledge based on of false relevant premises (2005‚ 405). The following is one of Warfield’s examples: Meeting. I have a 7pm meeting and extreme confidence in the accuracy of my fancy watch. Having lost track of the time and wanting to arrive on time for the meeting‚ I look
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support him making the entailing proposition that “The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket” (p. 122). Secondly‚ Gettier assets that beliefs in propositions that are justified can be false. And as it turns out‚ Smith‚ instead of Jones‚ got the job. Therefore Smith’s initial proposition that “Jones…will get the job” (p. 122) is false. This is where the problem starts. Gettier believes that while Smith’s
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Problem"‚ is knowledge defined as justified true belief. The idea of justified true belief declares that in order for a given proposition to be true‚ one must believe more than the relevant true proposition‚ but also to have justification for doing so. Gettier argues that the traditional conditions for knowledge in the JTB (justified true belief) model are not sufficient. In other words‚ in some cases‚ meeting the 3 conditions‚ which are truth‚ belief and justification‚ are not enough to count something
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generally accepted that the three conditions for us to possess knowledge is justified‚ true‚ belief. The first condition is belief. We cannot know unless we believe‚ even if it is true and we have great reasons to think it is true‚ we will only know it if we believe it. The second condition is truth. No matter how justified a belief‚ or how long it is believed‚ it cannot constitute knowledge if it turns out false. The third condition is justification. Lucky guesses don’t count‚ we can only know if we
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opinion would be robbing the human race and its posterity even if the opinion is false. Mill argues that hearing a false and even vile opinion allows us to have a "clearer perception and livelier impression of truth‚ produced by its collision with error" (1978‚ 16). In other words‚ the truth can be better understood by refuting an error. Moreover‚ Mill argues that most opinions are neither completely true nor false. He points out that allowing freedom of expression would result in the airing of competing
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Ignorance is not bliss‚ because ignorance causes conflicts between people‚ makes chances become a big part of life‚ and makes fallacies into truths. Plato’s equation of "Knowledge = True‚ Justifiable Belief‚" strictly applies to this topic as it is related to knowing the reality and knowing the false belief. The world today is full of conflicts. Some of them are religious‚ like Iraq conflict‚ and some are political‚ like the internal troubles in Ukraine between the Democratic Party and the Communist
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