Diabetes and Treatment Walden University Advanced Pharmacology NURS - 6521N - 4 Diabetes and Treatment Diabetes is a group of diseases that result from a defect in the body’s ability to maintain a homeostatic glucose level. The defect may be in insulin secretion‚ insulin action or both. Diabetes can be classified as Juvenile‚ Type 1‚ Type 2‚ or Gestational. Distinction between the different classifications is based on the circumstances present at time of the diagnosis. Defect in insulin
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is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that has its onset or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Kuhl‚ Hornnes‚ and Andersen (1985) state that gestational diabetes occurs when the pancreas of a pregnant woman fails to increase insulin production to compensate for the natural decrease in cells’ sensitivity to insulin. The cardinal signs of diabetes are polyuria (related to decreased reabsorption at the renal tubules because of the osmotic activity of glucose)‚ polydipsia (related to polyuria)
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2.2.3 P. guajava :- P. guajava leaf extracts were subjected to inhibitory effect of glucose utilization using specific standard in vitro procedure. Plant material was subjected to the extraction preparation by soxhlet apparatus by using various solvents such as aqueous‚ ethanol‚ chloroform‚ petroleum ether and hexane. The various kinds of phytochemicals were detected and then in vitro antidiabetic activity of P. guajava were detected by using alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme in an in vitro
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Filter blood to allow toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions to leave body through urination Regulate volume and chemical makeup of the blood Maintain proper balance between water and salts‚ acids and bases Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting What is the role of the renal artery? Transports oxygenated blood from the heart and aorta to the kidneys What is the function of the nephron? Filtration of blood and the reabsorption of secreted materials What does the capsule do?It supports
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responses that return the variable to within the ‘normal range’. Deviation produces a negative response to counteract the deviation. An example of a negative feedback system within the body is the liver when blood glucose levels fall‚ the glycogen from the liver is converted into glucose in order raise the energy levels in cells which is crucial. Vital organs that help to control the homeostatic mechanisms are the brain and nervous system. These vital organs help use to anticipate when key variables
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mellitus to the term‚ although it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes. Mel in Latin means "honey"; the urine and blood of people with diabetes has excess glucose‚ and glucose is sweet like honey. Diabetes mellitus could literally mean "siphoning off sweet water". It is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar)‚ either because insulin production is inadequate‚ or because the body ’s cells do not respond properly to insulin‚ or both. Patients with high
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the time‚ all support for the success of the research. Special gratitude goes to the staff of coast provincial General Hospital. ABBREVIATION DM - Diabetes Mellitus WHO - World Health Organization IGT - Impaired Glucose Tolerance MOH - Ministry of Health OGTT- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus CPGH- Coastal Provincial General Hospital KMTC- Kenya Medical Training College OPD - Out-Patient Department % - Percentage OHA - Oral Hypoglycamia Agent DKA - Diabetic
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1. Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular arteries Characteristics: endothelial dysfunction vascular inflammation buildup of lipids‚ cholesterol‚ calcium and cellular debris within the intima of the blood vessel wall. The build up results in atheroma (plaque formation). It is a fatty deposit in the intima of an artery‚ resulting from atherosclerosis. Atheroma/Plaque is made up of: fatty substances Cholesterol Waste products from cells Calcium
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BLEEDING DISORDERS OF LATE PREGNANCY PLACENTA PREVIA * placenta develops in the lower part of uterus versus the upper part * There are 3 degrees of previa: * Marginal – reaches within 3cm of cervical opening * Partial – placenta partially covers the cervical opening * Complete/ Total – completely covers opening * Observe bleeding during contraction Manifestations: * bright red‚ painless vaginal bleeding * risk of hemorrhage increases with nearing of labor *
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* Disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent/ insuff insulin supply or poor utilization of inslin that’s available * 7th leading cause of death * leading cause of blindness‚ ESRD‚ lower limb amputation * contributing factor for heart dz/ stroke risk 2-4 x higher than without DM * INSULIN – hormone produced by cells in islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Normal – continously into bloodstream ( basal rate)‚ or increased w/ meals (bolus) * Normal glucose range 70-120 mg/dL
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