ASBiology and Disease * Causes of disease * Pathogens Disease suggests a malfunction of the body or mind which has an adverse effect on good health For a micro-organism to be considered a pathogen it must * Gain entry to the host * Colonise the tissue of the host * Resist the defences of the host * Cause damage to the host tissues Pathogen Infection Disease Entry pathways * Gas exchange system * Digestive system Natural defences * Mucous layer
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up to increase surface area for absorption of light o Only present in plant cells • Cell membrane (plasma membrane) o Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell‚ interspersed with protein molecule o Presence of temporary pores o Selectively permeable Controls movement of substances o Diffusion‚ osmosis and active transport can therefore take place o Prevent outflowing of cytoplasm o Tonoplast Plasma membrane surrounding the vacuole • Cell wall o Made of cellulose (a polysaccharide)‚ and may be deposited
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Chronic Alcoholism (started drinking half gallon of tuba every day at the age of 16‚ beer and redhorse 2-3 times a week) Chronic Alcoholism (started drinking half gallon of tuba every day at the age of 16‚ beer and redhorse 2-3 times a week) Liver Cirrhosis Liver Cirrhosis Risk Factors * Chronic alcoholism * Smoking * Diet Malnutrition Risk Factors * Chronic alcoholism * Smoking * Diet Malnutrition Predisposing Factors * Age > 45 y/o * Gender (more common in
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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication‚ or replication‚ take place? – interphase When a double helix of DNA is replicated‚ two complete helices are formed. Together‚ these helices are called sister __________. – chromatids During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell? – metaphase During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart? – Anaphase During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?
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* Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions * Removal of toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions from the blood * Regulation of blood volume‚ chemical composition‚ and pH Kidney Functions * Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting * Endocrine functions * Renin: regulation of blood pressure and kidney function * Erythropoietin: regulation of RBC production * Activation of vitamin D Kidney Anatomy * Retroperitoneal‚ in the superior lumbar region * Right kidney is lower
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9.2 Maintaining a Balance Contextual Outline Multicellular organisms have specialized organ systems that are adapted for the uptake and transport of essential nutrients from the environment‚ the utilisation or production of energy and the removal of waste products arising from cellular activities. The basis of healthy body functioning in all organisms is the health of their cells. The physical and chemical factors of the environment surrounding these cells must
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of varying sucrose concentrated solutions‚ with the plasma membrane being the semi- permeable membrane. Because water molecules have kinetic energy‚ they are constantly moving around in gaseous or liquid form‚ moving randomly from one place or another. The greater the concentration of water molecules in a system or solution‚ the greater the total kinetic energy‚ and the higher its water potential. This means‚ that as the concentration of glucose increases in a solution‚ the concentration of water
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requirement. Also‚ we would thank him for the courage‚ strength and capabilities he gave us to come up with this final paper. Thank you so much lord. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by altered glucose regulation and utilization usually resulting from insufficient or ineffective
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Human Excretory System The human excretory system functions to remove waste from the human body. This system consists of specialized structures and capillary networks that assist in the excretory process. The human excretory system includes the kidney and its functional unit‚ the nephron. The excretory activity of the kidney is modulated by specialized hormones that regulate the amount of absorption within the nephron. Kidneys 1 ). They are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the backbone
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Testing & Collection market. The report also provides market analytics by Product Type. The market is divided by Type into Blood Components and Blood Testing & Collecting Devices and Other (Artificial Blood and Research) ; and by Blood Products into Plasma Products‚ Cellular Components‚ and Whole Blood; and Blood Testing & Collecting Devices into Management and Monitoring Instruments‚ Immunoassays and Other. Information regarding latest products & technologies also find a mention in the report. Projections
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