APStatistics Statistics Assignment 12: Rules of Probability Directions: Complete the assignment on your own paper. Clearly label each answer. (34 points) 1. You roll a pair of standard dice. Create the sample space for a single roll of the dice and use the sample space to compute the following probabilities. (8 points) a. Create a sample space. {1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4‚ 5‚ 6} b. P (getting a 1 on the first die or getting a 6 on the second die) 1/6+1/6= .333 c. P (getting a 3 on the second die given that
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probability is the probability that an event will occur given that another has already occurred. If A and B are two events‚ then the conditional probability A given B is written as P ( A | B ) and read as “the probability of A given that B has already occurred.” We are to calculate the probability of the intersection of the events F and G. P(F and G) = P(F) P(G |F) P(F) = 13/40 P(G |F) = 4/13 P(F and G) = P(F) P(G |F) = (13/40)(4/13) = .100 Union of Events P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and
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GOALS When you have completed this chapter‚ you will be able to ONEDefine probability. TWO Describe the classical‚ empirical‚ and subjective approaches to probability. THREEUnderstand the terms experiment‚ event‚ outcome‚ permutation‚ and combination. FOURDefine the terms conditional probability and joint probability. FIVE Calculate probabilities applying the rules of addition and multiplication. SIXUse a tree diagram to organize and compute probabilities. SEVEN Calculate a probability using Bayes
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Enterprise Solution Division Random Process In a random process we know that what outcomes or events could happen; but we do not know which particular outcome or event will happen. For example tossing of coin‚ rolling of dice‚ roulette wheel‚ changes in valuation in shares‚ demand of particular product etc. Probability It is the numeric value representing the chance‚ likelihood‚ or possibility a particular event will occur It is measured as the fraction between 0 & 1 (or 0% &100%) Probability
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a particular event will happen if something is done repeatedly‚ (596 Webster’s Dictionary). You cannot determine any events that will happen in the future‚ because there is always a chance that something odd will happen‚ (Linn 39-40). Probability originally started for the purpose and attempt to analyze games of chance. Probability is also used in determining the outcomes of an experiment. Sample space is the collection of all results. Probability is a way to assign every event a value between
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coin is tossed (H‚ T). (a) Enumerate the elementary events in the sample space for the die/coin combination. (b) Are the elementary events equally likely? Explain. A) Elementary events are - DIE COIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 HEADS H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 TAILS T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 B) YES‚ EACH EVENT IS EQUALLY LIKELY TO OCCUR. THERE ARE 12 POSSIBLE OUTCOMES AS A RESULT OF ROLLING OE DIE AND FLIPPING ONE COIN‚ THEREFORE THE LIKELYHOOD OF ANY ONE EVENT OCCURING IS 1/12. 5.13 (page 186)‚ 5.13 Given P(A)
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Probability Introduction The probability of a specified event is the chance or likelihood that it will occur. There are several ways of viewing probability. One would be experimental in nature‚ where we repeatedly conduct an experiment. Suppose we flipped a coin over and over and over again and it came up heads about half of the time; we would expect that in the future whenever we flipped the coin it would turn up heads about half of the time. When a weather reporter says “there is a 10% chance
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of the basic rules of probability: the sum of the probability that an event will happen and the probability that the event won’t happen is always 1. (In other words‚ the chance that anything might or might not happen is always 100%). If we can work out the probability that no two people will have the same birthday‚ we can use this rule to find the probability that two people will share a birthday: P(event happens) + P(event doesn’t happen) = 1 P(two people share birthday) + P(no two people share
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weights. Then 6 1 ‚...‚m(ω6 ) = 21 . (Check for yourself that this choice of values of m(ωi ) satisfies m(ω1 ) = 21 the three conditions above!) Therefore‚ P (Even) = P ({2‚ 4‚ 6} = 2 21 + 4 21 + 6 21 = 12 21 = 4 7 = 0.57. 7. Let A and B be events such that P (A ∩ B) = 14 ‚ P (Ac ) = 13 ‚ and P (B = 12 . What is P (A ∪ B)? Recall Theorem 4 from class: P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B). We already know that P (B) = 12 and P (A ∩ B) = 14 ‚ so we just need to find P (A). By Theorem 1 part
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shift requires 6 operators‚ 2 maintenance persons‚ and 1 supervisor‚ in how many different ways can it be staffed? [8 points] 18 10 4 18564 45 4 3‚341‚520 6 2 1 (b) Suppose A and B are not mutually exclusive events‚ and we have P(A)=0.35‚ P(B)=0.40‚ P(AB)=0.18. Compute the following probabilities: i) P (AB)=? [4 points] P (AB)=P[A]+P[B]-P[AB]=0.35+0.40-0.18=0.57 ii) P(AB)=? P[A B] P[ A B] 0.18 0.45 P[ B] 0.40 1 of 6 [4 points] Name: Problem
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