Wk 3 - HRM‚ Perceptions and Communications History of HRM Research examples‚ theory and practice Links to strategy Training Performance Management Made in Britain – The Service Sector Wk 4 - Work groups and teams Belbin’s Perfect Team Maslow Hierarchy Wk 5 – Leadership Relationships in leadership and management Examples – politics & business Leadership theories Leadership as behaviour Leadership development Ben Zander – leadership and vision Thought leadership Wk 6 - Management
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THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT For thousands of years‚ managers faced the same issues and problems confronting executives today. Around 1100 B.C.‚ the Chinese practiced the four management functions—planning‚ organizing‚ leading‚ and controlling. Between 400 B.C. and 350 B.C.‚ the Greeks recognized management as a separate art and advocated a scientific approach to work. The Romans decentralized the management of their vast empire before the birth of Christ. During the Medieval Period‚ the Venetians
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THE HISTORICAL ROOTS OF CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES The Premodern Era Organized activities and management have existed for thousands of years‚ for example‚ the construction of the Egyptian pyramids and the Great Wall of China. Michelangelo‚ the genius artist of the Renaissance era‚ was a manager himself. In order to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and other great things‚ he personally selected his workers‚ trained them‚ and assigned them to one or more teams‚ and he kept detailed
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leading to more efficient organization. d. The Classical Theorists (i) Henry Fayol‚ Gullick‚ Urwick and others were working in organisations and wanted to develop ideas which were universally applicable. In this process they developed Principals of Organisation/management that according to them were universally applicable to all the organizations‚ for 14 example principles developed by Henry Fayol‚ POSDCoRB. The idea behind these principals to improve performance and productivity of organization
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Evolution of Management Thoughts (Managerial Function) Management is studied in business academics since earlier times and it is considered as an integral part to understand business operations. People have been changing and redesigning organizations for centuries. Though the 20th century is noticeable in history as an ’Era of scientific management’‚ still it does not indicate that management tactics were not used in yester years. Many studies indicated that Management theory evolved with "scientific"
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three type levels of managers which are top level manager‚ middle manager‚ and first-line manager. Managers carry out functions‚ roles and skills. Management functions are planning‚ organizing‚ leading and controlling as stated by Henri Fayol. However‚ Henry Mintzberg defined management roles into three parts which are interpersonal roles‚ informational roles‚ and decisional roles. Besides‚ Robert L. Katz states that managers need three essential skills or competencies which are technical skills‚ human
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management approach by Taylor (1903)‚ and the concept of administrative theory by Fayol (1949). The neo-classical approach /Behavioral approach emphasized human relations‚ the importance of the person behind the machine‚ individual as well as group relationships‚ and social aspects. This approach was pioneered by Mayo and his associates (1933). It was further extended to the behavioral sciences approach‚ pioneered by Abraham Maslow (1968‚ 1971)‚ Chris Argyris (1957)‚ Douglas McGregor (1960)‚ and Rensis Likert
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Classical Management Theory Early Management Theories Early Theories of Organizations emerged mainly for military and Catholic Church. The metaphor of the machine was dominant‚ where organizations are viewed as machines. Therefore‚ the organizational application was‚ since workers behave predictably (as machines do rarely deviate from the norm)‚ management knows what to expect‚ and workers operating outside expectations are replaced. Classical Management Theories There are three well-established
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organization’s goals and objectives. They also lead their employees as well as motivating them to meet set targets. What managers do is represented by the term POLC. This means; planning‚ organizing‚ leading (commanding)‚ and controlling. According to Henri Fayol‚ there are fourteen management principles. However not all of them apply to manager’s roles‚ essentials‚ system‚ functions or contingencies. Planning is a predetermined course of action in order to set up clear business objectives and making of decisions
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Study-Evolution of Management Classical Management There were three approaches to management beginning in the late 1800s. The scientific method was developed and introduced by Fredrick Taylor‚ the administrative principles were views published by Henri Fayol‚ and the bureaucratic organization was an idea developed by Max Weber. Taylor’s scientific method developed within the manufacturing industries and had the main objective to improve economic efficiency‚ especially in labor productivity. Fayol’s approach
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