: 2 SUBMITTED by : ADEEL ZAFAR SUBMITTED to : SIR RIZWAN ROLL no : 11014156-047 SECTION : BS IT (AF) SUBJECT : PAKISTAN STUDIES Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Constitutional Development 3. Concept of a Federation 3.1 Distribution of Powers 3.2 Concurrency 3.3 Residuary Subjects 4. 1973 Constitution and Concurrent Legislative List 5. Recent Political Developments in Pakistan 6. Conclusions and likely future scenarios 7. Recommendations
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Aboriginal Self-Government at the National Level: Progressing towards a Legitimate Goal The Royal Proclamation of 1763‚ and the Constitution Act‚ 1982 that reaffirmed the existing rights of Aboriginals‚ both establish that it is legitimate for Aboriginal self-government to be located at the national level. A nation-to-nation relationship shows the greatest respect for the sovereignty of the Aboriginal peoples and therefore have the greatest legitimacy. However‚ it would impossible for Aboriginal
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called a federation. The national government will govern issues that affect the entire county where as the smaller subdivisions will govern the issues of the local community. Both of these systems of government have the power to make laws and have a certain amount of freedom from one another. The U.S does have a federal system of govern that contains these two national governments and the government of individual states. A federal government is the common government of a federation. The national
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companies and other international pressures. As Allsop (2008) and Bennett (2006) infer‚ our system of federalism is failing and needs to be addressed before the power-shift between the Commonwealth and the states becomes intolerable. Our federation – broken or evolving? Many identify the flaws in our modern federal system as being excessive administration (Tiernan 2008)‚ buck-passing and blame-shifting (Allsop 2008; Carling 2008) and duplication (Black 1998). Bennett (2006) and Carling
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Reading Wanna‚ J 2007‚ ‘Improving federalism: drivers of change‚ repair options and reform scenarios’‚ Australian Journal of Public Administration‚ vol. 66‚ no. 3‚ pp. 275 – 279. Purpose (What is the author’s aim? For example‚ is the piece descriptive or does it summarise the literature or introduce a new argument? Is the author trying to convince‚ persuade‚ or inform the reader? Use a verb.) (59) The author aims to inform the reader of the strengths‚ weaknesses and opportunities for reform of
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Countries practicing Federal and Unitary forms of government A unitary state is a state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions(sub national units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The great majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. Important unitary states are United Kingdom‚ Ukraine‚ People’s Republic of China‚ Egypt‚ France‚ Singapore‚ Sri Lanka‚ Japan‚ Saudi Arabia
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subnational authorities could be abolished almost immediately if the national government so demanded. Federal and unitary systems of government are classed as the two main solutions to the "territorial organisation of power1‚" Federalism‚ with some 22 federations in existence today‚ is becoming increasingly more
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and in the event of conflict the regional law was to prevail. ’The Lyttleton constitution of 1954 further promoted federalism in the country. The constitution saw the full‚ romance of Nigeria with federalism‚ thus making Nigeria a full- fledged federation. This was imperative because of the ’Eight point programme passed in May‚ 1953 by the legislative council of northern region which would have brought about a virtual succession of the northern region if it had not been implemented. Under the constitution
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released. Police were able to retake control of the building‚ but the demonstrators re-gathered for a ’people’s assembly’ outside the building and called for a ’people’s government’‚ demanding either federalization or incorporation into the Russian Federation. At this assembly‚ they elected Valery Bolotov to the position of "People’s Governor". Two referendums were announced‚ one on 11 May to determine whether the region should seek some form of autonomy‚ and a second scheduled for 18 May to determine
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the Parliament does not extend to enacting legislation for deprivingthe States of property vested in them as sovereign authorities.”16 However‚ theHonourable Court held that the Indian “…Constitution which was not true to anytraditional pattern of federation”.The Sinha‚ C.J.‚ argued that in India there waswithdrawal or resumption of all the powers of sovereignty into the people of this countryand the distribution of these powers save those withheld from both the Union and theStates by the Constitution
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