Applications of Silicon Silicon is one of man’s most useful elements. In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work‚ and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels‚ pottery‚ etc. Silica‚ as sand‚ is a principal ingredient of glass‚ one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical‚ optical‚ thermal and electrical properties. Hyperpure silicon can be doped with boron‚ gallium‚ phosphorus
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Weathering- is a process where rocks are physically broken down or chemically modified by climatic or biological elements. Works through 3 processes: physical weathering‚ chemical weathering and biological weathering. Physical weathering- is the breaking down of rocks into smaller fragments brought about by physical (mechanical) forces. Works through 4 processes: alternate expansion and contraction‚ frost action‚ pressure release and salt crystal growth. Alternate expansion and contraction- this
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MINERALS 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF A MINERAL: 1)Naturally Occuring; 2) Be a colid; 3) Have an orderly crystalline structure; 4) have a definite chemical composition; 5) generally be inorganic Which are not classified as Minierals & Why: Gold‚ Water‚ Synthetic Diamonds‚ Ice & Wood: Gold-YES – naturally occurring; Synthetic Diamond: NO – Manmade; Water: NO – liquid state‚ only a solid material can be considered a mineral – in it’s naturally occurring ice state it is a solid and therefore a mineral;
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National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Geology 11.1 Laboratory Manual Name: _____________________ Student #: ___________________ Section: ____________________ Copyright © 2003 National Institute of Geological Sciences. All rights reserved. National Institute of Geological Sciences Laboratory in Principles of Geology Representing the Surface of the Earth Objectives To be able to interpret the data represented on a map To be able to identify
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Deposits (Latin word for sandy) • Most sand-grains are composed of quartz and they may be rounded‚ sub-angular or angular according to the degree of transport and attrition to which they have been subjected. • Other minerals that occur in sands are feldspar‚ mica‚ apatite‚ garnet‚ zircon‚ tourmaline and magnetite‚ usually present in a small amount. • The porosity of these deposits depends on several factors: 1. The grade sizes of grains. 2. The amount and kind of packing which the grains have
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References: Arnold LJ‚ Bailey RM‚ Tucker GE (2007) Statistical treatment of fluvial dose distribution from southern Colorado arroyo deposits. Quat Geochronol 2:162–167 Auclair M‚ Lamothe M‚ Huot S (2003) Measurement of anomalous fading for feldspar IRSL using SAR. Radiat Meas 37:487–492 Baker PA‚ Seltzer GO‚ Fritz SC‚ Dunbar RB‚ Grove MJ‚ Cross SL‚ Tapia P‚ Rowe HD‚ Broda JP (2001a) The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25‚ 000 years. Science 291:640–643 Baker PA
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Kendric Ivan A. Moneva Grade V – St. Joseph A gemstone or gem (also called a precious or semi-precious stone‚ a fine gem‚ or jewel) is a piece of mineral‚ which‚ in cut and polished form‚ is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli)‚ or organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber or jet)‚ are also used for jewelry‚ and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are hard‚ but some soft minerals are used in jewelry
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Lecture 1 - Introduction to Geology GEOLOGY - study of the earth‚ its origin‚ history‚ materials‚ processes and resources Geology as a discipline: a. relevance of time‚ b. issue of scale‚ c. complexity of replicatingnatural systems in the laboratory Main Branches: 1. Physical - study of Earth materials and processes> Volcanology‚ Seismology‚ Environmental Geology‚ Engineering Geology‚ Mining Geology‚ Petroleum Geology‚ Mineralogy‚ Petrology‚ Geomorphology‚ Geophysics‚ Geochemistry‚ Planetary
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1. As seen by an observer on Earth‚ a star that is moving away from the Earth would have ______ light energy waves. A. expanded B. compressed *E. both A and D are correct 2. The theory that tries to explain the origin of the universe revolves around the idea that __________. *B. the original black hole exploded and scattered clouds of uncharged particles moving at high velocities 3. What was the first element formed during the creation of the universe? *B. hydrogen 4. Our solar system
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Weathering Weathering is the breaking down of Earth’s rocks‚ soil and minerals through direct contact with the planet’s atmosphere. Weathering occurs in situ or “with no movement” and thus should not be confused with erosion‚ which involves the movement of rock and minerals by agents such as water‚ ice‚ wind and gravity. In addition‚ weathering is the effect of atmospheric exposure to man-made structures and materials. Two important classification of weathering processes exist – physical and
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