Around 10‚000 years ago‚ a dramatic transformation occurred in parts of the Near East that forever affected the human experience. These were the economic and social changes from hunting and gathering subsistence strategies‚ which characterised over 99 per cent of our long tenure on Earth‚ to ones emphasising food production and settling down in small villages. This was not an easy transition‚ nor was it a universal one. Once it occurred‚ though‚ it changed the course of human history. Usually known
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civilizations often had many similarities in their politics‚ economies‚ and social norms. The civilizations of Mesopotamia‚ or the Fertile Crescent (3000 BCE)‚ and the Nile River Valley (3000 BCE) are prime examples of this‚ but with different geography‚ leaders‚ and resources many differences divided the two nations. Both the Nile River Valley and the Fertile Crescent had authoritarian governments and mainly agricultural economies‚ but the Nile River Valley was much more unified‚ while Mesopotamia’s
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Chapter 1 — The First Civilizations The Earliest Humans Essential Question How did humans become food producers rather than food gatherers? * Domestication of animals * There was fertile soil to grow crops * Hunting animals was harder * Agriculture was a failure for a long time I can statements Explain why the development of agriculture was so crucial for the establishment of civilization. * Hunting wasn’t reliable * You may not get enough food for the day by hunting/gathering
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Assignment of Introduction To South As Topic: Mehrgarh: Its Place in the Development of Ancient Cultures in Pakistan Assigned To: Dr. Tariq Mehmood Sb. Submitted By: Irfan Ali Lund Dated: 19-03-2013 Introduction: This Article “Mehrgarh: Its Place in the Development of Ancient Cultures in Pakistan” is written by Jean Francois Jarrige. He is famous Archaeologist form France. He came into Pakistan and excavates the ancient site of Pakistan
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to be different and similar in different ways. Although both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed at the same time‚ there were many differences in political systems‚ religion‚ and social stability. They both established along the Nile River in the Fertile Crescent‚ but geography of their different regions had different results on agricultural prosperity‚ religious formation‚ and government structures. Both regions experienced an influx of previous nomadic peoples during the latter Neolithic period in what
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for benefit through fire stick farming. Humans survived as foragers or hunter gatherers‚ gathering wild plants and hunting animals in their environment. Agriculture has significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. The Fertile Crescent of Western Asia‚ Egypt‚ and India were the earliest sowing and harvesting plants. Independent agriculture happened in northern and southern China‚ Africa’s Sahel‚ New Guinea parts of India and several regions of the Americas. Agricultural
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monsoons that are seasonal flood the rivers. The Shang dynasty was situated in China over the Yellow River. On the contrary the Sumerians were not isolated at all in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamia was in the Fertile Crescent‚ which was why many invaders invaded their land‚ ultimately crushing them. The polytheistic religions of the early civilizations were rather similar. The Egyptians had pharaohs‚ which were considered to have a god’s blood. Egyptians also
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The book Guns‚ Germs‚ and Steel by Jared Diamond attempts to answer the question‚ “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea‚ but we black people had so little cargo of our own?” This question was asked by Yali‚ a New Guinean politician talking to Jared Diamond. Jared Diamond answers this question by analyzing the development of civilization across the globe‚ from the deserts of Africa to the woodlands of North America. Each of these civilizations progressed
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land was mostly rural and lack of availability to produce food from it lead to centuries of population waves. The climate also played a major role in food production. The Agricultural Revolution which started in modern day Iraq known then as the Fertile Crescent lead to a change in society from hunter-gathers to agriculturalist. Raising their own animals and growing their own food which lead to a surplus in food. That allowed certain social groups to eat without having to produce food. Which led to taxes
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farming Ashes fertilize the soil After a year or two move to another area of land. Farming Develops in Many Places Africa: Nile River Valley India: Indus Valley China: The Huang He River Valley Mesopotamia: Fertile Crescent Ch 1 Sec 2: Where were these ancient civilizations? Economic Changes Surplus of food meant people had more free time Artisans (crafts people) created valuable new items (cloth‚ pottery) Traders profited from a wider
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