the telomeres in cells shorten until there is none‚ and programmed apoptosis—cell death—occurs. Cancer cells elongate their telomeres‚ and so can also replicate almost indefinitely. When these cells start to build up‚ they form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can either be benign or
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the cancer‚including the size of the tumor‚ the level of spreading{metastases}and the probable involvement of lymph nodes. The stage of mesothelioma at the time of diagnosis determines
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The retina is the light sensitive part of the eye. The retina covers approximately 65% of the interior of the eye. In immature retinal cells‚ the cancer will develop in children from the time the eyes develop in the womb to 5 years of age. The tumor starts in the retina‚ the light sensitive layer of the eye‚ which allows the eye to actually see. “ It can occur in either one eye (unilateral) or two eyes (bilateral)”(Hulett‚ WashBurn‚ and Orenic). If the cancer is caught early‚ it is curable
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In a tumor not all cells are cancerous‚ which would be great if they could just target the cancer cells and terminate them. However‚ it is not that easy because somehow tumors are able to get stronger and invade many parts of the body. In the article “The Stem Cell Theory of Cancer” the author states that “cancer is primarily driven by a smaller
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and breast cancer stem cells Within a tumor exists a subpopulation of cells that present less abnormal characteristics; however‚ there exists another type that hold the potential to recreate and expand tumor mass. The latter share similar characteristics to normal stem cells‚ which are the unlimited ability to self-renew and the ability to maintain undifferentiated. Over the course of time‚ these cells will differentiate into tumor stem cells (TSC) or tumor-initiating cells with stem-like properties
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The etiology of brain cancer‚ like other malignancies‚ involves a complex interplay between epigenetic and genetic changes occurring during the natural history of tumor growth and development. Genetic changes accumulate in the form of mutations‚ activation of proto-oncogenes‚ or the loss of tumor suppressor genes that could promote tumor progression‚ invasion‚ and metastasis; this process provides a rational basis for targeting one or more critical genetic defects in cancer cells by using gene-mediated
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radiation-induced. Radiation therapy is also used for the treatment of malignant tumors‚ and is often used as the primary therapy. It is also common to combine radiotherapy with surgery‚ chemotherapy‚ hormone therapy or some mixture of the three. Almost all common types of cancer can be treated with radiation therapy in some way. The precise treatment intent (curative‚ adjuvant‚ neoadjuvant‚ therapeutic‚ or palliative) will depend on the tumor type‚
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There is a 50% chance of being born with neurofibromatosis‚ if a parent has acquired it in his or her lifetime. There are two types of neurofibromatosis‚ type 1‚ and type 2. Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve tissue. Most people don’t hear about it‚ because it’s not a well known disease. Despite the fact that it is a little known disease neurofibromatosis is pervasive and often debilitating. NF is a little known neurological disease that has many identities
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What is cancer? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women‚ but men can get it‚ too. Types of breast cancer Ductal carcinoma in situ Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; also known as intraductal carcinoma) is considered non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancer. DCIS means
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called a tumor. Some tumors stay within one specific area. They do not spread into surrounding tissues and may not cause any problems. If it is easy to do so‚ these benign tumors are usually removed by surgery. There are usually no further problems. Cancers are dangerous types of growths called malignant tumors. In this type of tumor the cells invade the surrounding tissues. Cancer cells Step 1 - The primary tumor develops as a group of cells that are growing out of control. Step 2 - The tumor gets
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