FIFO and LIFO Inventory Methods Tonia Green Accounting 211 – Financial Accounting Excelsior College FIFO and LIFO Inventory Methods This paper will provide a comparison of the accounting implications of valuing inventory under the First-in‚ First-out (FIFO) and Last-in‚ First-out (LIFO) methods. With very few exceptions‚ every business depends on an inventory to operate. Whether the business provides a service or sells products to its consumers‚ supplies and stock are required to operate
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Chapter2 Case 2--3b (1) The tonnage-of-production method helps Canada steels has a good matching of depreciation expense against revenue. Unit-of-production method makes depreciation a variable. A switch to straight-line cannot eliminate the deferred tax liability because accelerated methods make a difference. In addition‚ Canada Steel should not attempt to pay the liability because it is a loan‚ which is interest free. (2) LIFO can reduce taxes and increase cash flow. Inflation declines in
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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Methods of production Production methods fall into three main categories; however‚ all production methods can be assisted with CAM and CAD equipment (Computer Aided Manufacture and Computer Aided Design – respectively). 1. Job Production and Prototype Production Job Production is used when a product is produced with the labor of one or few workers and is scarcely used for bulk and large scale production. It is mainly used for one-off products or prototypes‚ as it is inefficient; however‚ quality
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
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CHAPTER 22 The Costs of Production Topic Question numbers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Costs: explicit and implicit 1-9 2. Profits 10-23 3. Short run versus long run 24-31 4. Law of diminishing returns 32-55 5. Short-run costs 56-157 6. Long-run costs 158-193 Last Word 194-196 True-False 197-210 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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LIFO VERSUS FIFO: UPDATING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED Nicole Thorne Jenkins Doctoral Student in Accounting Morton Pincus Associate Professor of Accounting College of Business Administration The University of Iowa 108 PBAB Iowa City‚ IA 52242-1000 U.S.A. 319/335-0915 FAX 319/335-1956 morton-pincus@uiowa.edu September 1998 (version 1.2) LIFO VERSUS FIFO: UPDATING WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED 1.0 INTRODUCTION The statutory mandate in U.S. tax law that firms using the last-in first-out (LIFO) inventory
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