Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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STANDARD COSTS Setting a budget is never easy as it involves predicting the future and therefore uncertainty. The process is not about getting the budget absolutely right; it is about not getting it too wrong. This budget process may be applied to most revenue budgets that deal with income and costs‚ but there is also a requirement to produce a capital budget that covers the purchase‚ sale and replacement of fixed assets. There is normally an investment limit dictated by funding availability and
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Cost Cutting Tips Most of us spend more than we need to for a lot of things. If you really can afford luxuries such as gourmet teas or designer clothing and still save for your future‚ you’re lucky. However‚ if you’re struggling to meet the financial goals you’ve set on your retirement roadmap‚ it’s time to look for ways to cut expenses—daily‚ monthly‚ and long-term. Start by seeing if you’d benefit from either of these big cost-cutting strategies: •If you’re paying high interest on a mortgage
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process lead the to loss of opportunity to buy a firm (premier Oil) b) There are much more than required levels of clearances that needs to be taken to acquire a company abroad. Application is reviewed by members of special committee of RBI‚ Finance and commerce ministries. Since three organizations are involved in the clearance process‚ it increases the time to take a concrete decision. It would have been better if there was a single window from where all required clearances could be taken
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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Question 1: (a) Suppose the income elasticity of demand for pre-recorded music compact disks is +5 and the income elasticity of demand for a cabinet maker’s work is +0.5. Compare the impact on pre-recorded music compact disks and the cabinet maker’s work of a recession that reduces consumer incomes by 10 per cent. (2 marks) (b) How might you determine whether the pre-recorded music compact discs and MP3 music players are in competition with each other? (2 marks) (c) Interpret the
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UNEXPECTED COSTS Grantham University Abstract Unexpected inflation rates can happen‚ decreased prices in consumer goods and services happen all the time and in other times it can actually increase. It’s up to us to figure out how our financial future is going. Inflation When consumers expect an increased inflation rate statistics shows that most consumers spend more due to the fact that they know that they can get more bang for their buck before inflation rises than
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College Costs Introduction It’s no secret that financing a college education is getting tougher. College costs have skyrocketed over the past decade or so‚ and there’s no relief in sight. Average tuition at four-year colleges will increase 7 percent this school year‚ double the rate of inflation. Student aid is not increasing fast enough to plug the growing gap between tuition and family finances. In addition‚ there is a growing number of older students entering college today. These students
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Is the Cost of Education Too High? Education is a human right. At the core of education is the development of societal and individual cultural identity. Education makes people neither tired nor rich and can make all people equal through social justice. Social justice is the precondition for sustainable human development and peaceful coexistence. Every child has the right to an education and every person has a right to satisfy their basic learning needs. However‚ in recent years‚ education
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INTRODUCTION Cost accounting is an important tool in the management of any business firm or organization‚ which includes those in the small scaled industry. In the cause of our research instrument indicated the maintenance of improper and inadequate records coupled with the fact that cost methods used‚ through sometimes effective‚ were unconventional. For a small scale business to approach profit maximization level‚ it must be effective in cost control procedures and appropriate books
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