Financial Statements Accounting is a function by which users can understand the internal financial workings of a company. Use of public accounting dates as far back as the late nineteenth century (Hendrickson‚ 2007) and continues today under the set guidelines that accounting professionals refer to as generally accepted accounting principles. These principles are set in the United States by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission (Weygandt‚ p. 9‚ 2008)
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Financial Statements Financial statements are records of relative financial information of organizations that are highly valuable to both internal and external users of that organization. The following four basic financial statements constitute the foundation of accounting: * Balance sheet * Income statement * Retained earnings statement * Statement of cash flows Purpose of the Financial Statements The balance sheet shows a clear picture of the organization’s financial
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Financial Management – Handout »Balance Sheet - Statement of financial positions on a specific date * Book value: value on balance sheet (historical cost) * Market value: value of assets depends on riskiness‚ cash flows * Balance sheet identity: Assets = Liabilites + Shareholders‘ equity * Debt versus equity: Shareholders equity = Assets + Liabilities * Financial leverage: the more debt‚ the greater its degree of financial leverage »Income
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was “Financial Statements.” There are four financial statements to work with; Balance Sheets‚ Income Statements‚ Retained Earnings Statements‚ and Statement of Cash Flows. Balance sheets let you have a quick review of what assets‚ liabilities‚ and equity were distributed within the accounting period. Income statements show the business whether they made a profit or not. Retained earnings statement shows what the company decides to retain for them‚ after everything else is paid. The statement of cash
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Tenth Canadian Edition CHAPTER 1 THE CANADIAN FINANCIAL REPORTING ENVIRONMENT ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Topic Brief Exercises Writing Assignments 1. Financial statements and financial reporting. 2. Capital allocation. 1 4 3. Stakeholders. 2 4 4. Objectives of financial reporting. 3 5. Management bias in financial reporting. 1 6. Importance of user needs in financial reporting. 1‚ 2‚ 7 7. Need for accounting standards
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Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing a company’s financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include the income statement‚ balance sheet‚ statement of cash flows‚ and a statement of retained earnings. Horizontal analysis (also known as trend analysis) is a financial statement analysis technique that shows changes in the amounts of corresponding financial statement items over a period of time. It is a useful tool
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Financial Statements for Internal Reporting Purposes vs. Financial Statements for External Reporting Purposes It is common in most companies to maintain two set of financial statements; one being used/presented for internal reporting purposes and another for reporting externally. Internal reports are used primarily to aid management in the decision making process throughout the course of the business. These are subject to internal audit to make sure that all information reported are fair and correct
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Financial Statements Analysis Interpretation of Financial Ratios Financial statements analysis is the process of examining relationships among elements of the the company’s "accounting statements" or financial statements (balance sheet‚ income statement‚ statement of cash flow and the statement of retained earnings) and making comparisons with relevant information. Financial statements analysis is a valuable tool used by investors‚ creditors‚ financial analysts‚ owners‚ managers and others in their
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Week Three Exercises Fatma Miljkovic ACC/290 March 25‚ 2013 Professor: Tim Callaghan | BE4-1 | Transactions that affect earnings do not necessarily affect cash. | Hint: Identify impact of transactions on cash and net income.(SO 2‚ 9) | | | InstructionsIdentify the effect‚ if any‚ that each of the following transactions would have upon cash and net income. The first transaction has been completed as an example. | | | | | Cash | Net Income | (a) | Purchased $100
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Chapter 5: Essentials of Financial Statement Analysis Evaluating accounting “quality” How do we define financial reporting quality? Qualitative characteristics of accounting Information: Understandability Decision usefulness Reliability Relevance Consistency Comparability 1 Attributes of High Quality Financial Reporting Financial reporting (earnings) quality has been considered positively associated with the following: High persistence of earnings and cash flows
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