MUNCIPAL BONDS IN INDIA WHAT ARE MUNCIPAL BONDS A municipal bond is a bond or debt security issued by a city or other local government or their agencies. Municipal bonds are securities that are issued for the purpose of financing the infrastructure needs of the issuing municipality which include schools‚ streets and highways‚ bridges‚ hospitals‚ public housing‚ sewer and water systems‚ power utilities‚ and various public projects. HISTORY OF MUNI BONDS Officially the first recorded municipal
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IMPORT FINANCING Background Like other developing countries‚ Pakistan’s import bill exceeds exports. Therefore‚ it faces scarcity of foreign exchange to meet its import requirements. According to daily “DAWN” dated 18th November 2012‚ Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves were USD 13.84 Billion at the week ended as on 9th November 2012. Gap between the import and export bills is partially covered by regulations‚ controls and measures exercised by State Bank of Pakistan and partially by the
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PROJECT REPORT ON TECHNO – FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF DIESEL HYDROTREATMENT (DHDT) AND PURCHASE PROCUREMENT OF BONGAIGAON REFINERY & PETROCHEMICALS LTD. (BRPL) At INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of PGDM program of JIMS SUBMITTED BY: SHRUTI (FB10111) JAGAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES‚ ROHINI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I‚ Shruti‚ student of batch 2010-12 at Jagan Institute of Management Studies (JIMS)‚ Rohini‚ did my
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[pic] [pic] Course code: F-201 Course title: Financial accounting -2 Submitted to: Tahmina Akter Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by: |Name | |
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a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as
Free Atom Electron Chemical bond
Chapter 10: Bond Return and Valuation Q. 6. Find out the yield to maturity on a 8 per cent 5 year bond selling at Rs 105? Solution: Yield to Maturity = [pic] = [pic] = [pic] × 100 = [pic] × 100 YTM = 6.82. Q. 7. (a) Determine the present value of the bond with a face value of Rs 1‚000‚ coupon rate of Rs 90‚ a maturity period of 10 years for the expected yield to maturity of 10 per cent. (b) In N is equal to 7 years in
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
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Date: 11 Oct‚ 2010 Financing Small and Medium Enterprises Introduction: Cash is like the blood in human body for all companies. So‚ the problem of financing is one of the most important issues in company operations. Appropriate and healthy sources of capital is the primary issue for an enterprise‚ especially for the SMEs. As policy‚ the reasons for their ideas‚ and SMEs’ own flaw‚ so that the financing channels for SMEs is relatively narrow‚ a shortage of
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any way reflect the views of the Institutions with which they are associated. . Ruchismita‚ Ahmed‚ Rai: Delivering Micro Health Insurance through the National Rural Health Mission Contents 1 Introduction 2 Health Financing in India 3 Key issues in Health Financing 4 Exploring Risk Transfer and Pooling Strategies 5 Proposal for a National Apex Body 6 Conclusion 7 Annexures 7.1 ANNEXURE I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 ANNEXURE II . . . . .
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By Syed Hussain Shaheed Soherwordi Pakistan had a unique geographical feature. It consisted of two distinct blocks of territory. East Pakistan was not only separated geographically from West Pakistan by one thousand miles‚ but the departing land was India - a hostile neighbour‚ who from the day one did not recognise Pakistan’s existence. Hindu leaders gave statements at the time of Pakistan’s creation that it was a temporary division and very soon Pakistan will come into Indian fold again. For
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