CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Fire safety is everybody’s concern. Poor fire safety practices and improper planning for fire emergency can consequently lead to critical situations. This is more threatening particularly for buildings which accommodate laboratories‚ chemical stores or server rooms. Observance and application of fire prevention principles can help to reduce or eliminate potential fire hazards. Moreover‚ much emphasis must be put on elaboration of a well designed emergency
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The four stroke engine includes various parts such as‚ intake‚ compression‚ combustion‚ and exhaust stroke. The term stroke is used to describe the full travel of the piston along the cylinder‚ in whichever direction. A four stroke engine is one of the most common engine types. It powers almost all trucks and cars today. Each one corresponds to one full stroke of the piston. All four of these parts help make the engine function as a whole. The first stroke is called the intake stroke the first stroke
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The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40‚000 km (25‚000 mi) horseshoe shape‚ it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches‚ volcanic arcs‚ andvolcanic belts and/or plate movements. The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes.[1] It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt. About 90%[2] of
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Fire Detection and Suppression Systems Author Institution Fire Detection and Suppression Systems Saponification has other uses other than soap making. It is used in firefighting. In commercial cooking industries‚ fire fighters use saponification to combat cooking-oils-fires. Cooking-oil-fires are difficult to suppress using other extinguishers. Using saponification‚ cooking-oil-fire extinguishers use a wet chemical that forms soapy foam on the oil fire quickly putting out the
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Internal Combustion Engines for the Future Horst Schulte‚ Martin Wirth Ford Motor Company ABSTRACT Future internal combustion engines for light duty applications will have to cope with a very complex set of customer‚ legal and business requirements. Customers are expecting further improvements in durability‚ reliability‚ drivability‚ fuel economy‚ and cost of ownership. Legal requirements are focused on significant emission and fuel consumption reductions. Additional manufacturing cost reductions
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Stages of a Combustion Engine By Seth L. Have you ever opened the hood of your car and wondered what was going on in there? A car engine can look like a big confusing jumble of metal‚ tubes‚ and wires. But Its basic operating principle is that combustion‚ or the controlled‚ steady burning of air and fuel in the combustion chamber‚ creates power that forces components within the engine to move with great speed
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COMPONENTS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Even though reciprocating internal combustion engines look quite sim¬ple‚ they are highly complex machines. There are hundreds of compo¬nents which have to perform their functions satisfactorily to produce out¬put power. The main components of the IC engine and their functions are described below. • Cylinder Block: The cylinder block is the main supporting structure for the various components. The cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine is cast as a single unit
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2013 The Diesel Engine: Making a Comeback The diesel engine has provided the world with cheap and efficient power for over one hundred years. The invention was first thought up by Rudolph Diesel in 1892. He wanted to create an engine that would be more efficient than the steam engine‚ which was only 12% efficient. He filed for a patent in Germany in February of 1892. He was granted a patent for a “Working Method and Design for Combustion Engines...new efficient‚ thermal engine” (History). With
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earliest internal combustion engine used in a system that rose to fame was the four stroke cycle‚ where an internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of fuel occurs within the confined space of an engine’s combustion chamber. Expanding hot gases act directly onto pistons‚ rotors and sometimes the whole engine to cause movement. The internal combustion engine(14) The four-stroke engine was one of the earliest improvements made to internal combustion engines in the late 1800s. The four-stroke
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FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE The four stroke petrol engine works in the following way:- Intake stroke In this stroke‚ fuel and air is allowed inside the cylinder by the downward movement of the piston which involves the opening of intake valve. Compression stroke Piston moves upward again in this stroke and the fuel and air mixture is compressed. Power stroke In this stroke power is generated when the spark plug ignites the fuel and piston moves down‚ this helps the engine to start initially
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