SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS USING GREEN AND NON-GREEN CHEMISTRY Abstract Esters are a class of organic compounds with the general formula RCOOR’. Ester also contributes the flavor and aromas in fruits and flowers. The esterification reactions will use in the procedure‚ which are the interaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol‚ aided by an inorganic acid catalyst (H2SO4). Moreover‚ the green method will not use any catalyst but using heating source instead (microwave). Based on the comparison of
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in a lot of natural products like flowers‚ spices and fruits. They are usually used in artificial flavorings. Carboxylic esters help amplify the sensory effect of esters. Isopentyl acetate is made from the direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol is an equilibrium reaction that shifts the product to the side by using the excess of one of the starting reagents. Acetic acid usually used in excess because it is easier to
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Biofuels – Alternative and Renewable Sources of Energy - Modified from Source: http://biofuel.org.uk/ BIOMASS Biomass can be termed as organic material which is derived from living or more “recently deceased” organisms. The most important feature of biomass is that it is a renewable source of energy unlike other natural resources like coal‚ petroleum and even nuclear fuel. Biomass itself is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops‚ and waste will always exist
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2 3.Theory 3.1 Recrystallisation 3 3.2 Esterification 3 4.Procedure 4.1 Preparation of aspirin
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Introduction Generally‚ PET can be produced in two steps by one of two ways‚ called the DMT and the TPA processes‚ or the transesterfication and direct esterification routes‚ respectively. Since its commercialization in the 1950’s by DuPont‚ PET was predominantly synthesized out of DMT due to the fact that this monomer‚ compared to TPA‚ was relatively easily purified by distillation. Yet‚ since the 1960’s‚ purified TPA became available by the development of new technologies and gained a lot of importance
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obtained in paste tank is fed to esterification reactor by screw pump. The esterification reaction is carried out under pressure and at high temperature of 265 deg C . Mole ratio of 1:1.19 is maintain in the reactor. Theoretical mole ratio requirement is 1: 1.01 Monomer is the product of esterification reaction. Water is evolved in the esterification process as byproduct The water is distilled off by distillation column and send to ETP for further treatment Esterification reaction dose not required
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1 in vapour state sulphur partly exists as S2 molecule which has 2 unpaired electrons in the antibondind pi orbitals jus lyk oxygen and thus exhibits paramagnetism. 2 An interhalogen compound is a molecule whose atom contains two or more different halogen atoms (fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ iodine or astatine). Most interhalogen compounds known are binary (composed of only two distinct elements). Their formulas are generally XYn‚ where n = 1‚ 3‚ 5 or 7‚ and X is the less electronegative
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Abstract: Saponification is an esterification process that is used to make so from the hydrolysis of fats and oils. This process have the glycerol molecule‚ and a sodium carboxylate salt in most case sodium stearate being formed‚ however this salt depends on the base being used. In the experiment 23ml of vegetable oil was mixed with 20ml of ethyl alcohol along with 20 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. The content was then heated on a water bath whilst gently mixing with
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FILIPINO SCIENTIST Julian Banzon - Filipino Chemist: Filipino chemist‚ Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels. Julian Banzon experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane and coconut‚ and invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process rather than a physical process. Julian Banzon - Degrees: * BS in Chemistry from the University of the Philippines - 1930 * Ph.D. in Biophysical Chemistry from Iowa State University
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Simple Distillation‚ Gas Chromatography: Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil Introduction This experiment gave us the opportunity to work with a variety of new procedures as well as practice procedures that are new to us within the past few weeks of labs. Within the context of the scenario‚ we find that a distilling company that markets a popular banana liqueur is having problems. The banana plantation that they use to create their banana extract was hit hard by a hurricane and their reserves
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